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Nursing 104 mid sem > Digestion And Absorption Of Carbohydrates, Proteins And fat > Flashcards

Digestion And Absorption Of Carbohydrates, Proteins And fat Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrates and dietary sources:

A

Simple

Complex

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2
Q

Simple carbohydrates:

A

Monosaccharides (1 sugar)

Disaccharide (2 sugars joined)

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3
Q

Complex carbohydrates

A

Oligosaccharides ( chain of sugars)

Polysaccharides ( many sugars joined)

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4
Q

Monosaccharides:

A

Glucose

Fructose

Lactose

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5
Q

Disaccharides:

A

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

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6
Q

Sucrose is made up of

A

Glucose and fructose

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7
Q

Lactose is made up of

A

Glucose and galactose

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8
Q

Maltose is made up of

A

Glucose and glucose

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9
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Glycogen stored glucose in liver and skeletal muscle

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10
Q

What does carbohydrate do?

A

Provide immediate energy

Provide shorter term energy stores

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11
Q

Glucose is used to produce…

A

ATP

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12
Q

Excess glucose is stored as… and where?

A

As glycogen in liver and skeletal muscles

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13
Q

Proteins are made up of…

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

What are complete proteins?

A

Have all the eight essential amino acids for cells to make proteins

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15
Q

What are incomplete proteins?

A

Do not have all eight essential amino acids

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16
Q

Amino acids structural:

A

In muscles

Actin and myosin

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17
Q

Amino acids functional:

A

Enzymes, hormones, globulins, transport proteins

18
Q

What happens to excess amino acids?

A

They are converted to fatty acids and stored in adipose cells

19
Q

What are the different types of fats/lipids?

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

Fat soluble vitamins

20
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Consists of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

21
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Long chains of carbon atoms joined together

22
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Bad cholesterol

23
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Good cholesterol

24
Q

What is cholesterol formed from?

A

Acetyl CoA

25
Q

What is cholesterol used to make?

A

Steroids

Bile salts

26
Q

What are phospholipids used for?

A

Cell membranes

27
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, E, K

28
Q

What are prostoglandins?

A

Local hormones

29
Q

What are Leukotrienes

A

Allergic and inflammatory responses

30
Q

What are lipoproteins?

A

They carry lipids through body fluids

Made up of a protein outer layer and a lipid core

Classified according to increasing density

31
Q

Types of lipoproteins formed in S.I

A

Chylomicrons
VLDL- Saturated
LDL- Saturated
HDL- Unsaturated

32
Q

LDL- LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL carries cholesterol to___

A

Peripheral target cells for cell membrane, steroids and bile salt synthesised

33
Q

High levels of LDL

A

Cholesterol initiate atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arteries leading to cardiovascular disease

34
Q

Digestion and absorption of Carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrates > Monosaccharides > bloodstream

35
Q

Digestion and absorption of proteins

A

Proteins > amino acids > blood stream

36
Q

Digestion and absorption of Lipids

A

Lipids> fatty acids> lymph > blood stream

37
Q

Absorption of glucose, fructose and galactose

A

1: Absorbed through brush border cells in SI
2: Interstitial are
3: Into hepatic portal bloodstream
4: Liver
5: Bloodstream
6: Other cells for use and storage

38
Q

Digestion and absorption of proteins

A

1- Mixed w saliva in Oral cavity
2- Chemical digestion in stomach w pepsin
3- Most chemical digestion is in SI from pancreatic proteases
4- Actively transported into epithelial cells in SI
5- Similar mechanism to glucose
6- Some glucose is co transported with Na+

39
Q

Digestion of Lipids

A

1- Oral cavity w saliva
2- Some chemical bonds broken down in stomach due to acid environment
3- In SI, TAGs are emulsified by bile salts called Micelles
4- Most chemical digestion takes place in SI from lipase produced im pancreas

40
Q

Absorption of lipids

A

Lipids are absorbed by simple diffusion through epithelial cells of SI

Reformed into TAGs

Lymph system empties into thoracic ducts and enters bloodstream through left subclavian vein

41
Q

Where is the excess fatty acids stored in?

A

Adipose tissue

Nursing 104 mid sem (6 decks)

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