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Nursing 104 mid sem > Chemistry/ Trace Elements > Flashcards

Chemistry/ Trace Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecule

A

When two atoms join togetherness

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2
Q

Compounds

A

A molecule with at least two different atoms

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

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4
Q

Factors driving chemical reactions

A

Movement of electrons

Molecular size, shape and polarity

Temperature

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5
Q

Ionic bond

A

Transfer of electrons between atoms (Electrostatic attraction)

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

Electrons shared between atoms

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7
Q

Electronegativity

A

The strength of an atom to attract electrons based on how shielded the positive nucleus is

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8
Q

Cation

A

When they lose electrons

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9
Q

Anion

A

When they gain electrons

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10
Q

5 electrolytes?

A

Na+

Cl-

Mg2+

Ca2+

K+

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11
Q

Polar molecules

A

Electrons are NOT equally shared

Hydrophilic

Different EN

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12
Q

Non polar molecules

A

Electrons are EQUALLY shared

Hydrophobic (water fearing)

Similar EN

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13
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To gain a full valence shell of electrons

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14
Q

Consequences of an IV injection of oil

A

Oil does not mix with blood

Are not of similar polarity

Blood clot

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15
Q

Organic chemistry is…

A

The study of carbon compounds and their properties or compounds containing a carbon hydrogen bond

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16
Q

What are halides?

A

Anions of the group 17 elements

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17
Q

Hypernatremia and its symptoms

A

Excess of sodium in blood

Symptoms:

Thirsty
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Fever

18
Q

Concentration is…

A

Amount of stuff in a bigger stuff

Solute/ Solvent=

19
Q

Concentration Volume percentage

A

Volume percent= mass of solute/volume of solution x 100

20
Q

Dose mg/kg calculation

A

Amount to administer= weight x dose
———————
Dose strength

21
Q

Therapeutical effect depends on the…

A

Concentration

22
Q

Trace elements : Iron Fe 2+ and Ferric 3+

A

Iron has a key role in the metabolism of all animals

Most abundant mineral

Iron is absorbed in first section of SI (duodenum)

Those who are deficient, absorb 10-20%

23
Q

Iron is stored in the body in two forms:

A

Ferritin

Haemosiderin

24
Q

T or F, Iron is transported in the plasma by transferrin the iron transport protein

A

True

25
Q

What is liver essential for?

A

Normal iron homeostasis in the body.

Regulates iron movement through HEPICIDIN

26
Q

Roles of Iron:

A

Needed for red blood cells to form haemoglobin

Haemoglobin carries oxygen to all body tissues

Levels of iron tightly regulated

27
Q

What is the daily requirement for Iron?

A

18 mg/day women 19-50 years old

28
Q

Factors which decrease Iron absorption

A

Diarrhoea

Melasorbtion syndromes

Phosphates

Phytate

29
Q

Zinc (Zn)

A

Helps maintain structure integrity of proteins

Regulates gene expression

Reduces tumour growth

Abundant in nervous system

30
Q

What is the daily requirement of Zinc?

A

Adult women: 8/mg a day

Adult men: 14mg/ day

31
Q

Factors influencing absorption of Zn

A

High phytate content of diet blunts Zn significantly

The GI tract maintains homeostasis of whole body Zinc content

32
Q

Zinc deficiency leads to:

A

Growth retardation

Delayed puberty

Immune dysfunction

Alopecia (hair loss)

Photophobia (night blindness)

33
Q

Selenium

A

A good electric conductor

Antioxidant

Important to immune systems

A catalyst for production of active thryroid hormone

34
Q

What does fluid do?

A

Facilitates metabolism

Lubrication

Temperature regulation

Transport nutrition

Blood pressure

35
Q

What are the two major fluid components in the body?

A

Intracellular (ICF 28L)

Extracellular (14L)

36
Q

What are the four ECF compartments?

A

Intravascular

Interstitial

Lymph

Transcellular

37
Q

What is a solute?

A

Substances dissolved in solution

38
Q

What are non electrolytes?

A

Urea, glucose, protein, createrine

39
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

Substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water

40
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

Power of solution to draw h20 through selectively permeable membrane

Nursing 104 mid sem (6 decks)

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