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GCSE Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The taking in of food

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2
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of undigested food from the body

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3
Q

What watery paste does the stomach mix food into?

A

Chyme

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4
Q

What does the lining of the stomach produce?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

What holds food in the stomach?

A

Sphincter muscles

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6
Q

Why is it important that bile and pancreatic juice are alkaline?

A
  • So they neutralise the acidic contents that arrive from the stomach
  • Optimum pH for small intestine enzymes
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7
Q

What is bile?

A

A digestive juice made by the liver

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8
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gall bladder

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9
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

An organ in the digestive system

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10
Q

What are the two muscles called that are involved in peristalsis?

A

Circular muscles

Longitudinal muscles

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11
Q

What do circular muscles do?

A

They reduce the diameter of the gut when they contract

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12
Q

What do longitudinal muscles do?

A

They reduce the length of the gut when they contract

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13
Q

What do the longitudinal and circular muscles work together to do?

A

Produce wave-like contractions

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14
Q

What is digestion?

A

The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food

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15
Q

What is egestion?

A

Removal of food from the body that cannot be digested I.e solids

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16
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Using nutrients to build living tissues

17
Q

What is absorption?

A

The movement of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion or osmosis

18
Q

What is the function of the pharynx / oesophagus?

A

Carries food to the stomach through muscular contractions - peristalsis

19
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Muscular walls churn food, forming chyme

20
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produces bile that neutralises HCL acid and emulsifies fats

21
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile

22
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Produce digestives enzymes and relaxes them into the small intestine, as well as hormones insulin and gulcagon

23
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Produce digestive enzymes and where food is absorbed into blood

24
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Excess water is absorbed from food

25
Q

What is the function of the rectum / anus

A

Where faeces is sorted and egestion occurs

GCSE Biology (25 decks)

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