Digestion Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Source of chemicals (building blocks) for growth, repair, reproduction, and energy
What is Ingestion?
Taking in Nutrients
What is Digestion?
Breakdown of complex molecules into smaller units
What is Absorption?
Monomers of chemicals enter the blood stream or body cells
What is Egestion?
Removal of food waste (non-digested and excess materials)
What are the two types of digestion?
Physical and Chemical
What occurs during Physical Digestion?
mechanical breakdown of large particles into smaller pieces. Increases surface area for activity of enzymes
What occurs during Chemical Digestion?
Activity of enzymes chemically altering food.
What type of digestion occurs in the Oral Cavity? (physical or chemical)
Both
Where does Ingestion take place?
The oral cavity
What do salivary glands do?
Secretes saliva which contains water and salivary amylase. This then initiates chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Amylose units are broken down into disaccharides. Mucous lubricates and binds food forming the bolus. Forms a solution so that chemicals can enter the taste buds = sense of taste.
What is Peristalsis?
Involuntary rhythmic movement of the smooth muscles that line the digestive tract
What is Eructaction?
(burping) removal of swallowed air into stomach
What is the stomach’s function?
Site of food storage, To produce gastric juices and starts protein digestion
What are Sphincters?
Circular muscles in the stomach that contract, closing the opening to the stomach, while it’s relaxing, food is able to enter. Regulates movement of food and stomach acids into the small intestine
True or False: the stomach is involved in only chemical digestion
False. The stomach is involved in both chemical and physical digestion
What are the two main functions of the Small Intestine?
- Final Digestion of chemicals
- Primary site of absorption
What are Villi?
Fingerlike projections inside the small intestine. Greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine
What are Microvilli?
Fingerlike projections on the outer edge of the small intestine tissues. Further increase the surface for absorption
What are Lacteals?
Lymph vessels inside of villi. They absorb glycerol and fatty acids of fat digestion. Transport materials.
What is Bile? Where is it found?
Found in the liver/gall bladder. Emulsifies fat (physical digestion)
What is a Bicarbonate ion? Where is it found?
Found in the pancreas. Neutralizes acidic chyme
What is Trypsinogen? Where is it found?
Found in the pancreas. Activated by enterokinase to trypsin protein. This plus water = peptides.
What is Enterogastrone? Where is it found?
Found in the small intestine. Slows down rate of stomach emptying so fats stay in intestine longer
What is Enterokinase? Where is it found?
Found in the small intestine. Activates trypsinogen to change to trypsin.
What are the functions of the large intestine?
Absorption of water from materials passing through intestine into bloodstream. Bacteria produces vitamins. Takes care of undigested material, etc. etc. etc.
What is the function of the pancreas?
functions as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland
Define Exocrine
Enzymes travel via duct to site of activity
Define Endocrine
Hormones travel via blood to site of activity
What is Secretin?
Travels through the blood and targets pancreas to produce HCO3 (bicarbonate ion) which neutralizes the enzyme to protect the lining.
What is Insulin? Where it is found?
Found in the pancreas. A hormone that converts glucose to glycogen for storage (decreases blood sugar levels)
What is Glucagon?
A hormone that converts Glycogen to Glucose (increases blood sugar levels)
What is the main function of the Liver? (out of the 500)
Produces Bile
What is Emulsification?
the breakdown of large fat globules to droplets to increase surface area for enzyme activity
