Digestion Flashcards
Alimentary canal
all the tubing and organs through which food passes (ex. stomach, esophagus, small/large intestine, etc)
Accessory Organs
organs that assist in digestion but don’t actually contain food (ex. liver, pancreas, salivary glands, etc)
Function of Salivary Glands
glands that release amylase, which cuts amylopectin and amylose into maltose to begin digestion
Pepsinogen
inactive form of enzyme pepsin
Pepsin
enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach
pH of the stomach
2
Peristalsis
muscle contraction, how food moves down the esophagus and the intestines
Epiglottis
piece of tissue that moves down in the mouth to cover the trachea and prevent food from going down into airways instead of stomach
Mastication
chewing, done by the mouth to start mechanical digestion
Chief cells
stomach cells that release pepsinogen
Parietal cell
stomach cell that releases HCl to activate pepsinogen into pepsin
Function of small intestine
part of digestive tract responsible for most food absorption, digests proteins, carbs, and lipids into a monomer size
Amylase
enzyme that breaks down carbs, functions best at 7 pH
Proteases
classification of enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller chunks of amino acids, works better in acidic environments
Lipase
enzyme secreted by pancreas, works on lipids and turns them into fatty acids. works best in pH of 8
Vagus Nerve
nerve responsible for carrying impulses from the parasympathetic NS to the stomach
Gastrin
hormone that regulates stomach secretion
Gastric pits
tunnels in the epithelial lining of the stomach that secrete mucus, enzymes, and HCl
How does the pancreas help regulate acidity in the small intestine?
it secretes HCO3- that can take in an H+ ion, and therefore increase pH and make it more basic and neutralize the acidity
Gallbladder
organ that releases bile that emulsifies fat (breaks down fat). main storage for bile