Differences Between prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Question 0

Are transcription and translation coupled?

Answer 0

Prokaryotes - coupled

Eukaryotes - separate

Question 1

Do they have a nucleus?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes - no nucleus

Eukaryotes - yes nucleus

Question 2

Is mRNA polycistronic or monocistronic?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes - polycistronic

Eukaryotes - monocistronic (5’ cap + poly A tail)

Question 3

What are sizes of ribosomal subunits?

Answer 3

Prokaryotes - small 30S, large 50S, total 70S

Eukaryotes - small 40S, large 60S, total 80S

Question 4

What is the translation initiator?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes - f-Met tRNA

Eukaryotes - Met-tRNA

Question 5

Where does initiation of translation occur?

Answer 5

Prokaryotes - shine-dalgarno sequence (AGGAGG; there are multiple)
Eukaryotes - 5’ cap dependent scanning (only one) & internal ribosomal entry system (IRES; only one)

Question 6

How many initiation factors for transcription are there?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes - 3

Eukaryotes - >12

Question 7

Sensitive or resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 7

Prokaryotes - sensitive

Eukaryotes - resistant

Question 8

Sensitive or resistant to toxins?

Answer 8

Prokaryotes - resistant

Eukaryotes - sensitive

Question 9

What are the rRNA ribosomal component lengths?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes - 16S & 23S

Eukaryotes - 18S & 28S