Dietary Supplements Flashcards
A patient brings the pharmacist a bottle of “natural pain pills” that he ordered off a late-night TV show. The name of the manufacturer listed on the bottle is “Magic Cure-All.” The pharmacist conducts an internet search and cannot locate that this company exists. Choose the correct statement regarding the “natural pain pills”:
Answer
A
Natural products are always manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Processes (GMPs), according to FDA regulations passed in 1984.
B
The dietary supplement manufacturer must have proved the product’s safety and effectiveness.
C
Pharmacists have easily accessible sources to check for drug interactions and safety concerns with natural products.
D
This product has been approved by the FDA.
E
This product was obtained illegally.
C
Pharmacists have easily accessible sources to check for drug interactions and safety concerns with natural products.
A patient has depression. Which natural product might be useful for this condition?
Answer
A Ginseng B SAMe C DHEA D Glucosamine E Chondroitin
B
SAMe
JD is a skilled-nursing facility patient who is 73 years-old. She is started on monthly Boniva. She eats the following foods as part of her regular diet: one cup of vitamin D-fortified milk with cereal and a cup of calcium-fortified orange juice in the morning, a cup of yogurt with lunch, a mid-afternoon snack and cheese as either a snack or with dinner. Choose the correct statement:
Answer
A
JD needs supplemental vitamin D.
B
JD needs supplemental calcium.
C
JD does not need additional vitamin D or calcium.
D
JD needs both supplemental calcium and vitamin D.
E
Boniva does not require additional calcium or vitamin D.
A
JD needs supplemental vitamin D.
Dietary calcium is preferred. The patient gets enough calcium (approximately 300/milk + 300/orange juice + 450/yogurt +300/cheese) in her diet. The cheese and yogurt are generally not fortified with vitamin D.
Vitamin A = Vitamin B1 = Vitamin B2 = Vitamin B3 = Vitamin B6 = Vitamin B7 = Vitamin B9 = Vitamin B12 =
Vitamin A = Retinol Vitamin B1 = Thiamine Vitamin B2 = Riboflavin Vitamin B3 = Niacin Vitamin B6 = Pyridoxine Vitamin B7 = Biotin Vitamin B9 = Folic Acid Vitamin B12 = Cyanocobalamin
Which natural products can be useful for migraine headache prophylaxis? (Select ALL that apply.)
Answer
A Feverfew B Saw palmetto C Ginger D Magnesium E Riboflavin
A Feverfew D Magnesium E Riboflavin
A patient presented with poor muscle coordination, confusion and vision changes. He was diagnosed with Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Select the correct statement:
Answer
A The patient has a vitamin B6 deficiency. B This condition is mostly common caused by a lack of intrinsic factor. C This condition can lead to permanent cognitive deterioration, and cause psychosis. D The patient has a vitamin B9 deficiency. E The patient has a vitamin A deficiency.
C
This condition can lead to permanent cognitive deterioration, and cause psychosis.
Which patient populations are considered at-risk for low calcium intake: (Select ALL that apply.)
Answer
A Caucasians B Males taking daily steroids or androgen blocking agents C Females during pregnancy and around menopause D Males between ages 18 and 35 E Children
B
Males taking daily steroids or androgen blocking agents
C
Females during pregnancy and around menopause
E
Children
Adequate calcium intake is required throughout life, and is critically important in children (who can build bone stores), in pregnancy (when the fetus can deplete the mother’s stores if intake is insufficient) and during the years around menopause, when bone loss is rapid. Anyone taking steroids on a long-term basis is high-risk and should be receiving bisphosphonate therapy, calcium and vitamin D. Men are at higher than normal risk when they take steroids, or use agents that block androgens, such as some of the prostate cancer drugs.
MO has decided to use the black cohosh product Remifemin. Choose the correct statement concerning this popular product:
Answer
A
It is less effective than estrogen for improving vasomotor symptoms.
B
It is more effective than estrogen for improving vasomotor symptoms.
C
It is available by prescription only.
D
It should be combined with hormone replacement therapy.
E
It is contraindicated in women over the age of 50.
A
It is less effective than estrogen for improving vasomotor symptoms.
Which agent is a precursor to androgens (male sex hormones)?
Answer
A GABA B Lysine C Chondroitin D SAMe E DHEA
E
DHEA
DHEA is used for a variety of conditions without proven benefit. It may improve erectile dysfunction in some patients. DHEA is a precursor to testosterone. DHEA is safe at usual doses but if high doses are used it can cause acne, hirsutism and can increase risk for hypertension and liver damage
The use of metformin can cause a depletion of which of the following nutrients that may need to be supplemented?
Answer
A Thiamine B Niacin C Vitamin B6 D Vitamin B12 E Vitamin C
D
Vitamin B12
Choose the correct statements concerning vitamin supplementation for breast-fed babies: (Select ALL that apply.)
Answer
A
Breast-fed babies need 1 mg/kg of iron daily from 4-6 months old and until consuming iron-rich foods.
B
Breast-fed babies need calcium supplementation.
C
Formula-fed babies need iron supplementation.
D
Exclusively breastfed infants or babies drinking less than 1 liter of baby formula need 400 IU of vitamin D daily.
E
Formula-fed babies need vitamin D supplementation.
A
Breast-fed babies need 1 mg/kg of iron daily from 4-6 months old and until consuming iron-rich foods.
D
Exclusively breastfed infants or babies drinking less than 1 liter of baby formula need 400 IU of vitamin D daily.
Exclusively breastfed infants or babies drinking less than 1 liter of baby formula need 400 IU of vitamin D daily (can use Poly-Vi-Sol or generic) and 1 mg/kg/day of iron from 4-6 months old and until consuming iron-rich foods. The common iron supplement for babies is Fer-In-Sol Iron Supplement Drops. Do not recommend iron to formula-fed babies; they may not need it. Parents should ask the pediatrician.
Which calcium supplement is absorbed better in an acidic environment and is taken with meals?
Answer
A Calcium citrate B Citracal C Caltrate 600 D Citrucel E None of these should be taken with food.
C
Caltrate 600
Caltrate 600 is a form of calcium carbonate.
JD is an elementary school teacher. She suffers from frequent bouts of osteoarthritis pain during the school day and only gets relief when she sits down to rest. This is not always possible. To get by, JD has been taking 5-6 tablets of Extra Strength Tylenol throughout the day. JD heard a news report about using excessive acetaminophen and became frightened. She is at the pharmacy counter asking if there is anything “natural” that might help for arthritis pain. What supplement might provide a mild benefit?
Answer
A Feverfew B Comfrey C Cystex D Estroven E SAMe
E
SAMe
NP is considerably overweight. She has purchased an over-the-counter weight loss product at the pharmacy. It is a “natural” product that contains bitter orange, guarana and green tea. Natalie feels less hungry the first day, but feels that her heart is racing. Within a few days, she finds the product does not work as well and she increases the dose. She finds her heart is racing and she is nervous. Which of the following is incorrect?
Answer
A
She is using a caffeine-containing product, likely at high doses.
B
She is using an “ephedra-like” compound, which is not safe, and she is likely using it at high doses.
C
There is no lasting weight loss with this type of product.
D
This product may cause serious health consequences.
E
The correct indication for this type of OTC product is in morbidly obese patients with one significant health complication, such as cardiovascular disease.
E
The correct indication for this type of OTC product is in morbidly obese patients with one significant health complication, such as cardiovascular disease.
What is the NIH’s Recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for calcium in a 65 year-old female?
Answer
A 1,500 mg daily B 2,000 mg daily C 2,250 mg daily D 1,000 mg daily E 1,200 mg daily Correct Women 19-50 should be getting 1,000 mg daily, and women older than 50 should be getting 1,200 mg daily. Make sure children get the required calcium; the best way to reduce osteoporosis in later years is to build dense bones in childhood.
E
1,200 mg daily
Women 19-50 should be getting 1,000 mg daily, and women older than 50 should be getting 1,200 mg daily. Make sure children get the required calcium; the best way to reduce osteoporosis in later years is to build dense bones in childhood.
