Dietary Lipids

Question 1

Functions of Lipids

Answer 1

Important dietary component
Source of energy 9 kcal
Promote absorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK
Building of steroid hormones
Structural components of bio membranes
Thermal insulators
Non polar are electrical insulators
Provide shape and contour to body
Act as metabolic regulators

Question 2

Fatty Acid General Formula

Answer 2

R-(CH2)n- COOH

Question 3

How many carbons in a common sat fat

Answer 3

16-18 carbons
Between 14 and 24 is the range

Question 4

LDL

Answer 4

Bad cholesterol
Low density lipoprotein
Can lead to blockages in arteries

Question 5

Which fat is less vulnerable to rancidity and why?

Answer 5

Sat fat due to no double bonds

Question 6

Degree of saturation makes a lipid more ………. To ………..

Answer 6

Vulnerable to peroxidation

Question 7

Cis and trans fat are determined by

Answer 7

The geometry of the radical around the axis of the double bond

Question 8

Cis fat

Answer 8

On same side

Question 9

Trans fat

Answer 9

On opposite sides

Question 10

Hydrogenation

Answer 10

Hardening of unsaturated fat turning it from cis to trans
Hardening in the process

Question 11

Branches chain fatty acids are found in

Answer 11

Bacteria and animals
Not plants

Question 12

Unsaturated branch chain found in

Answer 12

Marine animals

Question 13

Branch is a …….. group

Answer 13

Methyl

Question 14

Function of branch chain FA

Answer 14

Increase fluidity of lipids in membranes

Question 15

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 15

Alpha linoleic acid - omega 3
Linoleic acid - omega 6

Question 16

What is converted from alphalinoleic acid?

Answer 16

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

Question 17

EPA Functions

Answer 17

Prevents blood clotting
Reduces triglyceride levels
Reduces pain and swelling

Question 18

DHA Functions

Answer 18

Essential for growth and development of infant brain
Maintains regular brain function in adults

Question 19

Sources of Omega 3

Answer 19

Salmon
Blue fish
Walnuts
Flaxseeds

Question 20

Function of Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 20

Make up bio membranes
Needed for brain growth and development
Important in infant development
Prevent adult eye degeneration and dry eye syndrome
Lower LDL, increase HDL

Question 21

Triglyceride

Answer 21

A glycerol molecule esterified with three fatty acids

Question 22

Ranges of Triglyceride

Answer 22

Optimal below 100
Normal below 150
Borderline high 150-199
High 200-499
As stated by the national cholesterol education program

Question 23

Function of triglyceride

Answer 23

Increase palatability
Source of energy
Key part in membranes
Provide protection against shock
Provide insulation

Question 24

Phospholipids

Answer 24

Phospholipid acid residue
Nitrogen containing base and other substances
Diglyceride
Phosphate group
Simple organic molecule eg chlorine

Question 25

Amphipathic

Answer 25

Having a polar head (hydrophilic and non polar tails (hydrophobic)

Question 26

Functions of phospholipids

Answer 26

Components of cell membranes, mitochondrial membranes and lipoproteins Participate in lipid absorption Important in blood coagulation Required for enzyme action Do factor for enzymatic action

Question 27

Cholesterol formula

Answer 27

C27H45OH

Question 28

Function of cholesterol

Answer 28

Major constituent of plasma membrane Precursor of all steroids in the body such as sex hormones, vitamin D and bile acids

Question 29

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 29

The heterogenous group of disorders caused by an excess amount of lipids in the blood stream

Question 30

HDL

Answer 30

Bad cholesterol High density lipoprotein Creates a protective film on arteries preventing blockages

Question 31

Primary hyperlipidemia

Answer 31

Genetically based

Question 32

Secondary hyperlipidemia

Answer 32

May result from diseases such as HBP, diabetes, Cushing syndrome and liver disease Major modifiable risk factor for CVD

Question 33

Cushing syndrome

Answer 33

Where the body makes too much cortisol over a long period of time

Question 34

Atherosclerosis

Answer 34

A disease where plaque builds up in the arteries causing blockages

Question 35

Plaque in heart

Answer 35

Made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other blood substances Hardens and narrows arteries - increased blood pressure If plaque ruptures can cause heart attack/stroke

Question 36

Transient Ischemic Attacks

Answer 36

Short ruptures of plaque in brain that don’t have a lasting effect