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BIO2302 Nutrition > Bone Health > Flashcards

Bone Health Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical bone

A

Thick hard Bone
structural

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2
Q

Trabecular

A

Cancellous
Soft spongy bone

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3
Q

Functions of bone

A

Mechanical support
Calcium and phosphate store
Protects vital organs
Movement

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4
Q

periosteum

A

In the bone does constant remodelling with Resorption and osteogenesis

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5
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Build bone
Osteogenesis

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6
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Dissolve bone through the release of acids
Resorption

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7
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature osteoblasts that release minerals to aid in bone structure

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8
Q

Determinations of PBM

A

Age
PAL
Diet
Gender
Body weight
Hormones
Smoking
Alcohol

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9
Q

Calcium Adult DRV

A

700mg

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10
Q

Sources of Calcium

A

Dairy products
Fortified white bread
Fortified products such as orange juice
Leafy greens
Canned fish with bones

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11
Q

Hypercalcaemia

A

Excess calcium in diet
Leads to kidney stones , high blood pressure and kidney failure

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12
Q

Calcium absorption

A

In small intestine due to slight acidic pH
Passive diffusion
25-30% efficiency

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13
Q

Increase calcium absorption

A

High vitamin d intake
Increased need
Lactate
Protein

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14
Q

Decrease calcium absorption

A

Age
Physical/Oxalaic acid
Polyphenols
Alcohol
Diarrhoea

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15
Q

Functions of calcium

A

Bone development
Form hydroxyapatite which impacts bone resilience
Participate in blood clotting through production of fibrin
Transmit nerve impulses

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16
Q

Source of Vitamin D

A

Synthesised through UVB rays
Oily fish
Eggs
Nuts and pulses

17
Q

Rickets

A

A skeletal disorder caused by lack of vitamin D in young children
Causes soft weak bones
Can deform shapes
Bowed knees

18
Q

Osteomalacia

A

In mature adults with full bones
Weakens bones

19
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A skeletal disorder by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue leading to an increased risk of fractures

20
Q

Vitamin K

A

Required for production of osteoclacin - one of main proteins in bone formation

21
Q

Phytoestrogens

A

Naturally occuring in plant foods
Particularly of soy origin

BIO2302 Nutrition (13 decks)

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