Alchol

Question 1

Alcohol production

Answer 1

Begin with fermentable materia
Add yeast to begin fermentation
C6H12OH —-> 2C2H5OH + 2co2 + 2h2o
Pyruvate to acetyldehyde
Acetyl to ethanol

Question 2

One unit of alcohol

Answer 2

10pm let of alcohol or 8g of pure ethanol

Question 3

Legal breath limit

Answer 3

35mg

Question 4

Legal blood

Answer 4

80

Question 5

Legal urine

Answer 5

107

Question 6

Department of health recommendation

Answer 6

14 unites per week
1.5 btw wine

Question 7

ESPAD

Answer 7

European school survey product on alcohol and other drugs
To get comparable data on 15-16 substance use
Started in 1995 updated every. 4 years

Question 8

Binge drinking

Answer 8

Drinking lots of alcohol in a shirt space of time or drinking to get drunk

Question 9

Content of alcoholic beverages

Answer 9

Variable amounts of un fermented sugar
Sm amount of vitamin c
Folate
Complex array of flavonoids and other phenols

Question 10

Absorption

Answer 10

Not digested pre digestion
Absorbed through jegunum and stomach
Readily absorbed in sm intestine particularly if stomach is empty

Question 11

Stomach alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 11

ADH
breaks down alcohol
Decreased activity by gastritis, female gender, Indian Japanese’s Chinese and North American

Question 12

Liver

Answer 12

Only cells in the body that can produce enough ADH to oxidise alcohol at a good rate
Primary site for alcohol metabolism
Around 6g/1 unit per hour

Question 13

Thiamin and alcohol

Answer 13

Required for alcohol metabolism
Alcohol interferes with thiamin absorption
Alcoholics have poor diet - therefore poor nutrient intake

Question 14

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 14

Deficiency in thiamin
Causes dementia symptoms poor co ordination hallucinations and abnormal eye movement
Damage nerve cells and crate damage to CNS

Question 15

Objective acute symptoms

Answer 15

Disturbed left ventricular performance
Cardiac depression
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Peripheral vasodilation
Increased skin temp
Increase in heart rate

Question 16

Subjective acute symptoms

Answer 16

Facial flushing
Blotching
Nausea
High temperature
Dizziness
Headache
Hangover
Shake
Chest distress

Question 17

Fatty liver disease

Answer 17

Too much alcohol promotes fatty liver synthesis
One night of drinking can deposit fat in liver
Three stages
Interferes with transport of oxygen to liver
Fibrosis scar tissue formation
Cirrhosis irreversible damage

Question 18

Implications of fatty liver

Answer 18

Decrease in blood glucose
Alcohol alters amino acid and protein metabolism
Alcohol affects liver function of handling drugs and nutrients

Question 19

Alchol in brain

Answer 19

Acts as a depressant
Judgement and reasoning go first
Sight and speech next
Respiration and heart function
Conscious is then subdued

Question 20

Alcoholism

Answer 20

The consumption of or preoccupation with alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behaviour interferes with the individuals normal personal, social and work life

Question 21

Causes of alcoholism

Answer 21

Significant genetic contribution
Much less prevalent with Chinese nd Japanese due to 40% of population having ADH deficiency
Link between deficiency and alcoholism