Alchol Flashcards
Alcohol production
Begin with fermentable materia
Add yeast to begin fermentation
C6H12OH —-> 2C2H5OH + 2co2 + 2h2o
Pyruvate to acetyldehyde
Acetyl to ethanol
One unit of alcohol
10pm let of alcohol or 8g of pure ethanol
Legal breath limit
35mg
Legal blood
80
Legal urine
107
Department of health recommendation
14 unites per week
1.5 btw wine
ESPAD
European school survey product on alcohol and other drugs
To get comparable data on 15-16 substance use
Started in 1995 updated every. 4 years
Binge drinking
Drinking lots of alcohol in a shirt space of time or drinking to get drunk
Content of alcoholic beverages
Variable amounts of un fermented sugar
Sm amount of vitamin c
Folate
Complex array of flavonoids and other phenols
Absorption
Not digested pre digestion
Absorbed through jegunum and stomach
Readily absorbed in sm intestine particularly if stomach is empty
Stomach alcohol dehydrogenase
ADH
breaks down alcohol
Decreased activity by gastritis, female gender, Indian Japanese’s Chinese and North American
Liver
Only cells in the body that can produce enough ADH to oxidise alcohol at a good rate
Primary site for alcohol metabolism
Around 6g/1 unit per hour
Thiamin and alcohol
Required for alcohol metabolism
Alcohol interferes with thiamin absorption
Alcoholics have poor diet - therefore poor nutrient intake
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Deficiency in thiamin
Causes dementia symptoms poor co ordination hallucinations and abnormal eye movement
Damage nerve cells and crate damage to CNS
Objective acute symptoms
Disturbed left ventricular performance
Cardiac depression
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Peripheral vasodilation
Increased skin temp
Increase in heart rate
Subjective acute symptoms
Facial flushing
Blotching
Nausea
High temperature
Dizziness
Headache
Hangover
Shake
Chest distress
Fatty liver disease
Too much alcohol promotes fatty liver synthesis
One night of drinking can deposit fat in liver
Three stages
Interferes with transport of oxygen to liver
Fibrosis scar tissue formation
Cirrhosis irreversible damage
Implications of fatty liver
Decrease in blood glucose
Alcohol alters amino acid and protein metabolism
Alcohol affects liver function of handling drugs and nutrients
Alchol in brain
Acts as a depressant
Judgement and reasoning go first
Sight and speech next
Respiration and heart function
Conscious is then subdued
Alcoholism
The consumption of or preoccupation with alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behaviour interferes with the individuals normal personal, social and work life
Causes of alcoholism
Significant genetic contribution
Much less prevalent with Chinese nd Japanese due to 40% of population having ADH deficiency
Link between deficiency and alcoholism
