Cancer Flashcards
Cancer definition
Characterised by the Development of a population of cells that have escaped normal regulation of growth, replication and differentiation and which invades surrounding or distant tissue
Multi stage disease
Initiation - promotion - progression
Modifiable risk factors
Tobacco
Obesity
UV Radiation
Occupation
Infection
Alcohol
Processed meat
Birth control
Air pollution
Obesity related cancers
Kidney
Gallbladder
Liver
Pancreatic
Ovarian
Breast
Prostate
Gastric
Colorectal
Sufficient cause
Cancer can be present alone from this factor
Contributory cause
More than one factor is required
Most cancers are like this
Necessary cause
This has to be present for cancer to occur
Cohort studies
Healthy participants are observed for occurrence of the disease
Case control studies
Information obtained from diseased individuals and compared to healthy individuals
Intervention studies
A randomised trial
Increased cancer risk categories
- Ingestion of this can result in the formation of carcinogens within the body
- The chemical contaminants on the food are carcinogens
-pesticides, hormones and antibiotics
-grilled smoked or barbecued meat
- mercury in seafood
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAH
UK Major oils fat and cereals
Main sources include industrial processing traffic emissions domestic combustion cigarette smoke
Atmospheric deposition
Direct drying of cereals
Smoking grilling bbq
Marine pollution of seafood
Nitrosamines
Sodium nitrate reacts with amino acids
Used to produce cured meats and smoked fish
Antioxidants
Living organisms aim to prevent or delay autooxidation in their use of antioxidants
Molecules at which low concentrations much lower than an oxidisable substrate significantly delay or prevent its oxidation
