Dietary Disorders Page 14 And Onwards Flashcards
What does strong bone health depend on
Good supply of calcium , vitamin D , phosphorus and protein
What is peak bone mass
Refers to the stage which bone mass is at its strongest.
When do you achieve peak bone mass
Age 18 for boys
Age 20 for girls
After this age bone mass gradually decreases and the risk of osteoporosis is increased
How can you increase peak bone mass
Ensuring adequate intakes of vitamin d and calcium , regular intake of weight barring excerisee e.g dancing hockey , running .
Avoid smoking and limit drinking
What are some good sources of calcium
Milk
Cheese
Yogurt
Two non dairy foods which are good sources of calcium are
White flour
Pulses
Canned fish with bones and dried fruit
Why vitamin D is important for healthy bones
It is required to help absorb calcium in food
What is 3 good dietary source of vitamin D
Oily fish
Eggs
Dairy products
Where is vitamin d made when it’s exposed to what?
Vitamin d is made under the skin when exposed to sun
What is osteoporosis
A brittle bone disease which leads to fragile bones and increased risk of fractures. Most common in older woman .doesn’t have pain or obvious symptoms
What are some dietary risk factors of osteoporosis
-lack of calcium in diet
-lack of vitamin d ( to absorb calcium)
-low body weight
What are the lifestyle risk factors of osteoporosis
Smoking
Drinking alcohol excessively
Lack of weight bearing exercise e.g running , dancing , netball , rugby
What are other risk factors of osteoporosis (non modifiable)
Being female
Getting older
Family history
What are some things you can do to reduce developing osteoporosis is
Ensuring a diet rich in calcium e.g dairy products , green leafy veg
Take good amounts of Vitamin D e.g oily fish , cheese
Maintain healthy body weight
Deciding not to smoke
Reduce alcohol intake
Do weight bearing exercises
During digestion our body producesss
Glucose (uses it for energy)
What is diabetes
Is a condition in which the amount of sugar in the blood is too high for too long . Blood glucose levels are controlled by insulin which is produced by the pancreas. If not enough insulin is produced or it does not work properly , glucose levels rise and the individual will be diagnosed with diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
This type of diabetes occurs when the body isn’t able to produce any insulin . It is managed by insulin injections and is usually diagnosed on people under 40
What is type 2 diabetes
Occurs when the body produces some insulin but not enough it is controlled by diet and insulin tablets . Infections unlike type 1 often occurs in older people
How much percent of people with diabetes have type 2
90%
Why is the number of people with diabetes in the uk rising
It’s closely linked with obesity which is also on the increase
1. More leisure time spent on sedentary hobbies
2. Increased availability of fatty/sugary snacks , bigger portion sizes
3. Greater awareness of systems leading to an increased diagnoses
What is the function of insulin in the body
Insulin allows the glucose in our blood to enter our cells and fuel our body
Name the sugar which carbohydrates is broken down into during digestion
Glucose
What organ releases insulin
The pancreas
If insulin does not work properly , blood glucose levels will
Rise
What are other symptoms of type two diabetes
Needing to urinate
often feeling thirsty
lose weight
get infections easily
What are long terms impacts of high glucose levels in the blood
Damage the nerves in the hands and feet, damage to the eyesight
What are two ways to manage type two diabetes without the need for medication
Follow a healthy diet according to the eatwell guid and take the recommended amount of exercise
What is coeliac disease?
It occurs hen the body reacts to a protein called gluten, It’s found in cereals such as wheat and barley . When they cannot tolerate the protein it means that the small villi in the small intestine are not formed properly. Therefore they can’t absorb nutrients properly
What are villi like?
Villi are finger like protections which absorb nutrients efficiently
But if u have coeliac disease they are short and stubby so they can’t absorb efficiently
What are four cereal grains that contain gluten and where are they found
Wheat
Barely
Oats
Rye
These cereals are found in multiple in a wide variety of foods. E.g
Pasta bread biscuits pies
What are composite foods
Foods which are made up from a combination of ingredients e.g soup gravy sausages
What are the symptoms of coeliac disease
Nausea
Tiredness/constipation
Reduced growth in children
How do you manage coeliac disease
In order to manage the condition , the individual must remove gluten from there diet
What are some gluten free foods
Rice
nuts
pulses
potatoes
Corn
meat
fish and poultry
Fruit and veg
