Dietary diseases Flashcards
What is obesity?
When someone becomes so overweight that the extra weight is a danger to their health
How obesity effect health?
Increase risk of high blood pressure and diabetes which can can both increase the risk of coronary heart disease
Also increase risk of:
- strokes
- heart disease
- developing type 2 diabetes
- some types of cancer
strain on joints which may result in arthritis
What is high blood pressure and what causes it?
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in your arteries which are tubes that carry your blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of the body
High blood pressure is usually caused by arteries becoming narrow due to cholesterol building up in artery walls or too much salt which makes the heart work harder work to pump blood around the body
How does HBP affect health?
Puts a strain on heart which can lead to heart disease
Cause small arteries in the brain to burst leading to stroke
What is coronary heart disease?
Occurs when arteries that carry blood from the heart becomes narrowed with gradual build up of cholesterol
How does CHD effect health?
Narrowed arteries may struggle to deliver enough oxygen rich blood to the heart which can lead to angina as the heart is starved of oxygen
If a piece of cholesterol breaks off it may cause a blood clot to form and block the arteries
If the blockage is close to the heart it may cause a heart attack
If the blockage is close to the brain it may cause a stroke
High sugar intake
Obesity - which can cause type 2 diabetes , HBP and CHD
High total or saturated fat intake
Obesity, HBP and CHD
It can cause level of cholesterol in blood to rise
Too few polyunsaturated fats
CHD
Polyunsaturated fats reduce the risk of blood clots forming lowering risk of heart attack
Omega 3 prevents cholesterol building up in blood so reduces CHD
High salt intake
HBP and CHD
Salt can raise blood pressure
Diet low in fibre
Obesity, HBP and CHD
less likely to snack on fatty foods
Lack of fruit and veg
CHD
F+V are good source of antioxidant vitamins
ACE vitamins slow down rate at which LDL cholesterol is deposited on the artery walls so prevents CHD
Alcohol
Obesity, HBP and CHD
High in calories which can contribute to obesity
Can cause HBP
Lack of regular excerise
Obesity, HBP and CHD
Regular exercise prevents obesity and lowers blood cholesterol which can lower risk of CHD
Smoking
HBP and CHD
Causes blood to thicken and increase risk of blood clots
Nicotine causes heart to work faster
Oxygen in blood reduced so heart has to work harder causing HBP
Family History
Obesity, HBP and CHD
A family history of said disease can increase the risk of developing these conditions
Some families may inherit poor eating habits in childhood that are often carried into adulthood
Family income
Obesity, HBP and CHD
Lack of money may result in a diet high in fat, sugar and salt as foods with them are cheaper
Age
Obesity, HBP and CHD
Older people may be less active and eat more snack foods that are high sugar and salt
Lifestyle
Obesity, HBP and CHD
A lack of time for shopping and preparing meals may result in convenience food and fast food meals being used
What is diabetes?
The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our body. When you have diabetes your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugar to build up in the blood
How does diabetes effect health?
More at risk of: Heart disease Strokes HBP Kidney failure Blindness
What is osteoporosis
From childhood to adulthood are bones develop to their peak bone mass which means bones are at their maximum strength and density. As we get older we start to slowly lose calcium from our bones which increases risk of osteoporosis a disease which makes bones more brittle.
How does osteoporosis effect health?
Bone becomes thinner and weaker which makes them easier to break
How to prevent osteoporosis
Sufficient Vitamin D to help calcium absorption
Low salt intake as high salt will cause calcium loss from bones
Regular exercise can increase bone strength and thickness
Not smoking as nicotine can cause bone loss
What causes Anaemia and effect on help
A shortage of iron and low intake of Vitamin C - feeling weak and constantly tired
High intake of fibre or phytic acid - prevents iron absorption
Less red meat eaten
Snacking or grazing instead of traditional meals
Constipation
Lack of fibre and water
Stools become hard and difficult to remove from body
Diverticular disease
Extra strain on muscular walls of the small intestine because of constipation then diverticulitis can occur especially if stool are hard then the muscular wall has to work harder to move the stool along
Increased pressure can allow muscle to weaken and pouches to form which can become infected and very painful
Bowel cancer
Diet high in fat and red meat and low in fibre, fruit and veg can increase risk of bowel cancer
Obesity, high alcohol intake and a lack of exercise have also been linked to bowel cancer
Dental Caries
Food that contain high sugar can turn into plaque are left sticking to teeth. Bacteria attack the plaque and change it into acid which will gradually eat away at the enamel on the teeth and decay will start
Effect of dental caries on health
Not enough calcium, phosphorus and Vit D as theyu give teeth their hardness
Vitamin C keeps gum healthy
Too much salt can lead to a loss of calcium and weakens the teeth
