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Health and Food technology > Dietary diseases > Flashcards

Dietary diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is obesity?

A

When someone becomes so overweight that the extra weight is a danger to their health

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2
Q

How obesity effect health?

A

Increase risk of high blood pressure and diabetes which can can both increase the risk of coronary heart disease
Also increase risk of:
- strokes
- heart disease
- developing type 2 diabetes
- some types of cancer
strain on joints which may result in arthritis

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3
Q

What is high blood pressure and what causes it?

A

Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in your arteries which are tubes that carry your blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of the body
High blood pressure is usually caused by arteries becoming narrow due to cholesterol building up in artery walls or too much salt which makes the heart work harder work to pump blood around the body

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4
Q

How does HBP affect health?

A

Puts a strain on heart which can lead to heart disease

Cause small arteries in the brain to burst leading to stroke

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5
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Occurs when arteries that carry blood from the heart becomes narrowed with gradual build up of cholesterol

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6
Q

How does CHD effect health?

A

Narrowed arteries may struggle to deliver enough oxygen rich blood to the heart which can lead to angina as the heart is starved of oxygen
If a piece of cholesterol breaks off it may cause a blood clot to form and block the arteries
If the blockage is close to the heart it may cause a heart attack
If the blockage is close to the brain it may cause a stroke

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7
Q

High sugar intake

A

Obesity - which can cause type 2 diabetes , HBP and CHD

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8
Q

High total or saturated fat intake

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

It can cause level of cholesterol in blood to rise

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9
Q

Too few polyunsaturated fats

A

CHD
Polyunsaturated fats reduce the risk of blood clots forming lowering risk of heart attack
Omega 3 prevents cholesterol building up in blood so reduces CHD

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10
Q

High salt intake

A

HBP and CHD

Salt can raise blood pressure

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11
Q

Diet low in fibre

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

less likely to snack on fatty foods

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12
Q

Lack of fruit and veg

A

CHD
F+V are good source of antioxidant vitamins
ACE vitamins slow down rate at which LDL cholesterol is deposited on the artery walls so prevents CHD

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD
High in calories which can contribute to obesity
Can cause HBP

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14
Q

Lack of regular excerise

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Regular exercise prevents obesity and lowers blood cholesterol which can lower risk of CHD

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15
Q

Smoking

A

HBP and CHD
Causes blood to thicken and increase risk of blood clots
Nicotine causes heart to work faster
Oxygen in blood reduced so heart has to work harder causing HBP

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16
Q

Family History

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD
A family history of said disease can increase the risk of developing these conditions
Some families may inherit poor eating habits in childhood that are often carried into adulthood

17
Q

Family income

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Lack of money may result in a diet high in fat, sugar and salt as foods with them are cheaper

18
Q

Age

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Older people may be less active and eat more snack foods that are high sugar and salt

19
Q

Lifestyle

A

Obesity, HBP and CHD

A lack of time for shopping and preparing meals may result in convenience food and fast food meals being used

20
Q

What is diabetes?

A

The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our body. When you have diabetes your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugar to build up in the blood

21
Q

How does diabetes effect health?

A 
More at risk of:
Heart disease
Strokes
HBP
Kidney failure
Blindness
22
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

From childhood to adulthood are bones develop to their peak bone mass which means bones are at their maximum strength and density. As we get older we start to slowly lose calcium from our bones which increases risk of osteoporosis a disease which makes bones more brittle.

23
Q

How does osteoporosis effect health?

A

Bone becomes thinner and weaker which makes them easier to break

24
Q

How to prevent osteoporosis

A

Sufficient Vitamin D to help calcium absorption
Low salt intake as high salt will cause calcium loss from bones
Regular exercise can increase bone strength and thickness
Not smoking as nicotine can cause bone loss

25
Q

What causes Anaemia and effect on help

A

A shortage of iron and low intake of Vitamin C - feeling weak and constantly tired
High intake of fibre or phytic acid - prevents iron absorption
Less red meat eaten
Snacking or grazing instead of traditional meals

26
Q

Constipation

A

Lack of fibre and water

Stools become hard and difficult to remove from body

27
Q

Diverticular disease

A

Extra strain on muscular walls of the small intestine because of constipation then diverticulitis can occur especially if stool are hard then the muscular wall has to work harder to move the stool along
Increased pressure can allow muscle to weaken and pouches to form which can become infected and very painful

28
Q

Bowel cancer

A

Diet high in fat and red meat and low in fibre, fruit and veg can increase risk of bowel cancer
Obesity, high alcohol intake and a lack of exercise have also been linked to bowel cancer

29
Q

Dental Caries

A

Food that contain high sugar can turn into plaque are left sticking to teeth. Bacteria attack the plaque and change it into acid which will gradually eat away at the enamel on the teeth and decay will start

30
Q

Effect of dental caries on health

A

Not enough calcium, phosphorus and Vit D as theyu give teeth their hardness
Vitamin C keeps gum healthy
Too much salt can lead to a loss of calcium and weakens the teeth

Health and Food technology (9 decks)

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