diet and nutrition Flashcards
what does ATP stand for
adenosine tri-phosphate
what does ADP stand for
adenosine di-phosphate
what does ATP produce when broken down
ADP + P + energy
how do you remake ATP
using energy from:
-carbohydrates
-fats
-proteins
function of carbohydrates
-energy
-insulin metabolism
-lipid (fat) metabolism
functions of fats
-energy
-insulation
-protects organs
-helps absorb vitamins
what is the function of proteins
-growth and repair
-metabolic reactions
-makes antibodies
-transportation e.g haemoglobin
what percentage does each macronutrient contribute to
carbs- 55%
fats- 30%
proteins- 15%
what are the two forms of carbohydrates we consume
-simple: sugars
-complex: starch
how does carbohydrates travel around the body
as glucose in the blood
what happens when blood cannot hold anymore glucose
-stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
what does insulin do to the glucose
moves the glucose from the blood to the muscles and liver
what is excess glucose stored as
fats in adipose tissue
what type of respiration do carbohydrates fuel
aerobic and anaerobic
what does GI stand for
glyceamic index
what does the GI indicate
how quickly a food is digested and impacts blood glucose levels
what does a low GI mean
a good is broken down slowly and blood glucose is impacted slowly
what does a high GI mean
a good is broken down fast and blood glucose is impacted quickly
when is it best to consume low GI foods
3 hours pre-event, especially for endurance as energy is released slowly
when is it best to consume high GI foods
better consumed just before or during event
what respiration is fats used for
aerobic
why can’t fats be used for anaerobic respiration
fats are too complex to break down so takes a long time to make ATP
why is unsaturated fats better for u
as they are liquid at room temp
why are saturated fats bad for you
they’re solid at room temp and lead to high levels of LDL cholesterol
