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IHO Week 2 > Diebel Specific Acquired Immunity > Flashcards

Diebel Specific Acquired Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What causes naive lymphocyte to proliferate?

A

antigen binding

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2
Q

Describe humoral immunity:

A

B cells releasing antibody into tissue fluids, blood and secretions.

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3
Q

Describe cell-mediated immunity:

A

T-cells themselves survey the surface of the body’s cells, looking for ones that have parasites within them or that are dangerously changed or mutated.

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4
Q

MHC I is recognized by ______ T-cells?

A

CD8+ killers

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5
Q

MHC II is recognized by ______ T-cells?

A

CD4+ helpers

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6
Q

Another name for MHC molecules:

A

HLA (human leukocyte antigens)

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7
Q

Regions on an antigen that can be recognized by an antibody or by T-cell receptors:

A

Epitopes

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8
Q

Type of cytokine released by activated T-cells that have travelled to the site of infection:

A

lymphokines

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9
Q

An example of a lymphokine is INF-gama. What is its function at the infection site?

A

Stimulates M1 “angry” macrophages

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10
Q

Five subtypes of helper T-cells with CD4 molecular marker:

A
  1. Th1
  2. Th2
  3. Th17
  4. Tfh
  5. Treg
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11
Q

Cells that recognize antigen and produce lyphokines (INF-gama) to attract thousands of macrophages to wipe out infection or…

a transplanted kidney

A

Th1 (Type 1 helper T-cells)

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12
Q

Similar to Th1’s but more powerfull. Implicated in many serious forms of autoimmunity.

A

Th17

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13
Q

Type of cells that stimulate M2 macrophages

  • promote healing
  • important in parasite immunity
A

Th2

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14
Q

Cells stimulated by antigen and migrate from T-cell areas of lymph nodes to B-cell follicles
-help B-cells get activated to produce IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA

A

Thf (Follicular helper T-cells)

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15
Q

Cells that make cytokines (IL-10) to suppress activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17
-keep immune response in check

A

Treg (Regulatory T-cells)

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16
Q

Cells that destroy any body cell they identify as bearing a foreign or abnormal antigen on its surface (MHC-I).
-have CD8 molecular marker

A

Cytotoxic or Killer T-cells

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17
Q

Describe T-cell activation via MHC-I APC:

Adhesion:

Ag-specific activation:

Co-stimulation:

Cytokine signals:

A

Adhesion: ICAM 1/3 (on APC) —- LFA-1 (T-cell)

Ag-specific activation: CD58 (APC) — CD2 (T-cell)

MHC I —- TCR

MHC I —- CD8

Co-stimulation: B7 (1 or 2) on APC —- CD28 (T-cell)

Cytokine signals: IL-1 (APC) —- IL-1R (T-cell) , paracrine

IL-2 (from other T-cells and self) —- CD25, autocrine/paracrine

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18
Q

How does activation of T-cells by APCs differ from MHC-1 to MHC-II?

A

Co-stimulation is with CD4 — MHC II instead of CD8— MHC I

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19
Q

Function of IL-2 and IL-15 with respect to T-cell activation:

A

general activators

20
Q

Function of IL-12 and IFN-gama with respect to T-cell activation:

A

Drive T helpers to Th1 subtype

21
Q

Function of IL-4 with respect to T-cell activation:

A

Drives helper cells to Th2 subtypes

22
Q

Function of IL-10 with respect to T-helpers?

A

down regulates Th1

23
Q

Function of TGF-beta with respect to T helpers?

A

down regulates both Th1 and Th2

24
Q

Describe dendrite’s role in activation of T-cells:

A
  • encounters antigen and engulfs it
  • travels to spleen or lymph node while digesting antigen and presenting it on its surface in an MHC II molecule
  • encounters and activates a T-cell which initiates full blown adaptive immunity
25
Q

Two ways cytotoxic T-cells kill:

A
  1. FAS-FAS ligand interaction induces apoptosis in infected target cell
  2. by secreting toxic agents:
    - TNF- can induce apoptosis
    - Perforin- pore forming protein
    - Granzymes- induce apoptosis
26
Q

In negative selection of T-cells in the thymus, what happens if a T-cell recognizes “self” antigen on MHC II of the thymus epithelial cells?

A

they are driven to apoptosis and die

27
Q

Cluster of differentiation markers present on T-cells:

A

CD3 (part of TCR complex)

CD4 or CD8

CD23

28
Q

Cluster of differentiation markers present on B-cells:

A

CD1

CD19

CD20

CD23

CD40 (interact with Thf to progress to plasma cells)

CD79 (a and b) part of the BCR complex

29
Q

Unlike T-cells which require MHC for activation, B-cells are activated by:

A

direct binding with antigen via antibodies

**now cell can differentiate and proliferate (usually with the help of Tfh)

30
Q

Fully differentiated B-cell is called:

A

Plasma cell

-protein production factory for soluble antibodies

31
Q

Five types of antibodies:

A

IgA

IgD (only on cell surface, not secreted)

IgG

IgE

IgM

32
Q

Most abundant antibody in the body?

A

IgG

**can bind an antigen and activate complement

33
Q

Only Ig that crosses placenta?

A

IgG

34
Q

Large antibody that is the first to appear in blood after exposure to antigen?

A

IgM

**gets replaced by IgG after a week or two

35
Q

Only real job of IgD?

A

B-cell membrane antigen binding receptor

36
Q

Most important Ig in secretions like tears, saliva, GU, GI fluids, and milk?

A

IgA

37
Q

What protects IgA from digestive enzymes?

A

Secretory component

38
Q

Ig that attaches to Mast cells and causes production of leukotrienes, prosteglandins, and cytokines and release of histamine upon contact with an antigen?

A

IgE

39
Q

Ig associated with resistance to parasites as well as allergic reactions:

A

IgE

40
Q

Mucous membrane antibody?

A

IgA

41
Q

Ig’s of deeper tissue like spleen and lymph nodes?

A

First IgM then later IgG

42
Q

Hypersensitivity mediated by IgE:

**release of histamine by mast cells and basophils

A

Type 1

43
Q

Hypersensitivity of autoimmune origin in which antibodies can react to self antigens (ie. hemolytic disease, myesthenia gravis, Goodpasture’s syndrome)?

A

Type II

44
Q

Hypersensitivity caused by antibody/soluble antigen too small for phagocytosis so complement initiates usual inlflammatory response and tissue damage is caused?

A

Type III

ie. arthritis, SLE

45
Q

Cell mediated hypersensitivity caused by T-cells?

A

Type IV

IHO Week 2 (12 decks)

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