Diarrhea Flashcards
Types
Osmotic = decreases w/ fasting
Secretory = continues despite fasting
Large bowel = small volume, frequent, bloody, pus
Small bowel = large, infrequent, watery
Acute causes
Parasitic (giardia, cryptosporidiam, cyclospora, lsospora, amoebiasis)
Bacterial (campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, listeria, C diff, S aurea, clostridium perfrigens)
Viral (hep A, rotavirus, norovirus)
Travel (ETEC, norovirus, campylobacter, giardia)
Daycare (campylobacter, cryptosporidiua, parvum)
Hospital (c diff, norovirus, rotavirus)
Chronic causes
Functional (IBS, overflow, incontinence)
Osmotic agents (lactose, sugars)
Inflammatory (IBD, microscopic or collagenous colitis)
Metabolic (Addisons, hyperthyroidism, uremia, CF)
Malabsorption (pancreatitis, celiac, short bowel syndrome)
Neoplastic (colorectal cancer, carcinoid tumor, gastrinoma, medullary thyroid cancer)
Iatrogenic (drugs, alcohol, caffeine, radiation)
What to ask for in hx
Ask about infectious contacts, travel, recent abx use, meds, common eating places for multiple sick pts
recently admitted or recent use of abx
Meds to avoid in c diff
Antimotility Agents
Opiods
Most common cause of travelers diarrhoea
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
Management of travellers diarrhoea
Loperamide
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin)
Macrolides (azithromycin)
Which probiotics prevent diarrhea in pediatrics?
saccjaromyces + lactobacillus