Cough Flashcards
Causes of acute cough
URTI
Post nasal drip
COPDE
Asthma
PNA
Sinusitis
PE
PTX
Causes of chronic cough
Bronchitis
Post nasal drip
Post infectious
GERD
FB
Meds
Symptomatic treatment of cough (wet + dry)
Wet = guaifenesin 200-400mg PO Q4H
Dry = dextromethorphan 15-30mg PO Q4H
Causes of acute cough in peds
URTI
Asthma
Croup
Pertussis
FB
GERD
PNA
Bacterial tracheitis
Causes of chronic cough of peds
Bronchitis
Post nasal drip
Post infectious
GERD
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Interstitial lung dz
Sx of bacterial tracheitis
Croup like barking cough
Fever
Poor response to epi
Hoarseness
Dysphonia
Resp distress
Ix for bacterial tracheitis
AP XR: ragged edge, membrane spanning trachea
Rx for bacterial tracheitis
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
Differences between asthma and COPD
Asthma: onset <20 y/o, variation in sx, worse at night, triggers, lung function normal between episodes, fam hx atopy, seasonal, not worsening over time, responds to dilators, normal lungs on CXR. FEV1 reversibility >12%
COPD: >40 y/o, persistent despite tx, limited relief w/ dilators, daily sx, chronic cough w/o triggers, exposure, hyperinflation. FEV1/FVC <70%
covid rx
Remdesivir: quicker recovery in hospital
Steroids: used in severe cases
Tocilizumab: limited evidence
What is MIS-C + what is the sx + rx
Rare complication of COVID - multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Sx: hyperinflammation, persistent fever, multisystem organ dysfunction, abdo pain, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctival hyperemia
Management: high dose IVIG, glucocorticoids
Bronchiolitis - cause, RF, sx, Ix, management
LRTI d/t RSV
RF: kids <2, Nov-Jan, daycare, exposure to smoke
Sx: URTI prodrome, wheezy cough, crackles, tachypnea
Ix: not indicated
Management: O2 if sats <90%
Croup - cause, RF, sx, Ix + sign on XR, management
Caused by parainfluenza virus
RF: 6mo-3y/o, fall/ winter
Sx: prodrome of URTI, sx worse at night, hoarse barking cough, stridor
Steeple sign on CXR (subglottic tracheal narrowing)
Management:
Dexamethasone 0.6mg/kg PO x1 max 10mg
Nebulised epi in mod/ severe (5ml 1:1000 over 15 mins)
FB aspiration sx + ix
Sx: sudden onset resp sx, hx of choking, stridor or monophonic or unilateral wheeze
Ix: CXR
Pertussis rx
erythromycin 1g/d BID-QID