diagnostic tools Flashcards
x ray:
high energy radiation that PENETRATES skin and tissues (not metals or bone)
radiologist
doctor that diagnoses diseases (thru abnormalities in radiographs)
radiographs can be used to detect: (issa rap)
broken bones, kidney stones, tumours
mammogram:
uses x rays to check breast tissue for cancer
advantages of using x rays
- quick
- virtually painless
- not invasive
disadvantages of x rays
can cause mutations to DNA
how can patients protect themselves
part of body will be covered w protective LEAD APRON. thickness can’t be penetrated
x rays: how can technicians protect themselves
may wear lead aprons or go behind walls (PROTECT FROM EXPOSURE)
radioGRAPH vs x ray
x ray is the photon of energy
radiograph is the procured image
fluoroscopy:
used x rays and a FLUORESCENT screen for moving images of internal structures
fluoroscopy: what contrast liquid patient must ingest
barium or iodine for organ to be shown clearly
angiogram:
shows images of blood vessels.
inject dye, blood flow is visualized
CORONARY angiogram vs CEREBRAL angiogram
coronary (coeur): narrowing of arteries, visualize blood flow
cerebral (cerveau): blockages in blood vessels to brain
blockages in blood vessels to the brain can lead to:
a stroke
how is radiation used to treat cancer
beam of x rays directed at tumor.
radiation vs x rays
radiation has minimal damage to healthy normal cell
radiation therapy/radiotherapy:
damages DNA and stops cells from multiplying
how does an ultrasound produce images of body tissues and organs
high frequency sound waves
why are the stomach and intestines not viewed with ultrasound
images can be blurred by presence of gas or air
three uses of ultrasound imaging
- study developing fetus
- guide a needle biopsy
- diagnose heart problems
CT stands for
computed tomography
CT (rhymes with __) scan vs simple x ray
produces 3D image from series of images at different angles. detailed view of structures.
MRI stands for
magnetic resonance imaging
how does an MRI produce detailed body images
powerful magnets and radiowaves
what does a CT diagnose
cancer, vascular diseases, skeletal abnormalities
why is a CT used frequently in the ER
quick, painless, provides detailed info
MRI: a magnetic field is generated and interacts with what element in the body?
hydrogen (body is mostly water)
two areas of the body an MRI can assess
brain and heart
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE: radioisotope:
isotope that emits radiation
what radioisotope treats thyroid cancer
iodine- 131
BIOPHOTONICS: three procedures that utilize photonics
gastroscopy and colonoscopy (bright light and video camera)
endoscope surgery (gallbladder removal with camera and surgical instruments)
