cell division + cycle

Question 1

why did cells undergo cellular division

Answer 1

1. to REPLACE dead/dying cells
2. to produce more cells during organism GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
3. to REPRODUCE
4. maintain SURFACE AREA fo VOLUME RATIO so cells nutritional, respiratory, excretory requirements are met

Question 2

when a cell gets too large, chemicals such as carbon dioxide or oxygen, nutrients, waste, water:

Answer 2

move into or out of the cell fast enough

Question 3

sexual reproduction requires

Answer 3

2 parents
make gamete: sperm
female gamete: egg

Question 4

gamete:

Answer 4

reproductive cell, only have HALF THE CHROMOSOMES

Question 5

fertilization= two gamete unite to form

Answer 5

zygote

Question 6

sexual reproduction: the offers print resembles the patents due to:

Answer 6

receiving 23 chromosomes from each parent

= 46 total chromosomes

Question 7

sexual reproduction occurs mostly in:

Answer 7

multicellular organisms

Question 8

asexual reproduction requires: (think hera having hephaestus)

Answer 8

1 parent
parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
genetic info duplicated before division

Question 9

asexual reproduction occurs in:

Answer 9

both unicelllular and multicellular organisms

Question 10

somatic cell:

Answer 10

any biological cell forming in body of multi cellular organism

Question 11

each somatic cell in your body contains:

Answer 11

23 PAIRS of chromosomes, total 46

Question 12

karyotype:

Answer 12

graphic representation of organisms chromosomes

Question 13

two stages of cell division (eukaryotes)

Answer 13

mitosis (division of nucleus)

cytokinesis (division of everything else)

Question 14

longest stage of the cell cycle

Answer 14

interphase

Question 15

where do cells spend the majority of their life

Answer 15

interphase

Question 16

three main parts of interphase

Answer 16

G1, S, G2

Question 17

G1 phase (INTERPHASE):

Answer 17

cell spends most of functional life

perform specialized tasks (respiring, making new organelles, producing mitosis proteins)

Question 18

S phase:

Answer 18

DNA molecules are replicated

go from single stranded DNA (G1) to double stranded

Question 19

only ___ cells should enter mitosis

Answer 19

HEALTHY

Question 20

during the ____ phase, the cell continues to increase in size and prepare for cell division

Answer 20

G2

Question 21

what occurs during the G2 phase (interphase)

Answer 21

• centrioles and other organelles continue to replicate

- more proteins and enzymes are synthesized

Question 22

mitosis EXACTLY duplicates the parent nucleus and produces:

Answer 22

2 daughter nuclei (same number of chromosomes as parents, same genetic info on those chromosomes as each other and parent)

Question 23

mitosis is composed of four phases: PMAT

Answer 23

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 24

prophase: first phase of actual cell division

Answer 24

1. chromatin condense
2. centrioles separate and migrate to poles
3. spindle divers extend toward centromeres
4. nuclear membrane disintegrates, nucleolus disappears

Question 25

double chromosomes:

Answer 25

when chromatin condense and shorten in PROPHASE (phase 1 of cell division)

Question 26

Metaphase (2nd phase of cell division):

Answer 26

1. chromosomes line up in pairs at equatorial plate | centromere of each chromosome is attached to a separate spindle fiber

Question 27

equatorial plate:

Answer 27

center of cell

Question 28

Anaphase (3rd phase of cell division):

Answer 28

1. spindle fibers shorten, chromatids pull apart at centromere 2. after sister chromatids separate, they become daughter chromosomes 3. chromosomes pull toward opposite piles and spindle fibers shorten

Question 29

Telophase (4th phase of cell division):

Answer 29

1. cleavage furrow forms between two cells and spindle fibers disappear 2. nuclear membrane forms, plus two new nuclei 3. chromosomes stretch out and aren’t visible 4. nucleolus forks within nuclei

Question 30

final step in cell division:

Answer 30

division of the nucleus

Question 31

steps of cytokinesis:

Answer 31

daughter cells formed are now in interphase, total of 46 chromosomes occurs after mitosis

Question 32

tumours are basically uncontrolled ___

Answer 32

mitosis

Question 33

chromatin vs chromosome vs chromatid

Answer 33

tin: chain of DNA, forms a chromosome some: rolled up DNA going thru cell division (sister) tid: branches of same

Question 34

prophase (key point)

Answer 34

parent cell chromosomes condense

Question 35

metaphase (key point)

Answer 35

chromosomes line up

Question 36

anaphase (key point)

Answer 36

paired chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of cell

Question 37

telophase (key point)

Answer 37

cleavage furrow splits the cytoplasm

Question 38

paired chromosomes are also known as

Answer 38

daughter chromatids

Question 39

if the cells in a cell cycle diagram are round, they are:

Answer 39

animal cells

Question 40

what would happen if a cell had faulty spindle fibers

Answer 40

they wouldn’t attach to centromere and pull sister chromatids apart.

Question 41

what would happen if cytokinesis was skipped

Answer 41

each cell would have two nuclei.