cell membrane transport

Question 1

two ways that substances can be moved across a membrane

Answer 1

PASSIVE transport and ACTIVE transport

Question 2

what form of cell membrane transport requires energy

Answer 2

active

passive transport is chill and doesn’t care, no energy

Question 3

diffusion:

Answer 3

the movement of PARTICLES from a region of HIGH concentration to a region of LOW concentration

Question 4

the difference in concentration between two regions:

Answer 4

concentration gradient

Question 5

in diffusion, particles move ___ their concentration gradient

Answer 5

down/along

Question 6

osmosis:

Answer 6

the diffusion of WATER from an area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration

Question 7

WHAT from the extra cellular fluid and from the inside of the cell diffuses freely through the cell membrane.

Answer 7

water

Question 8

the direction of osmosis depends on:

Answer 8

the concentration of water molecules on either side of the cell membrane

Question 9

isotonic solution

Answer 9

equal movement of water into and out of cells (ideal for ANIMALS)

Question 10

hypertonic solution (PLASMOLYSIS)

Answer 10

less water, more solute
WATER FLOWS OUT, CELL SHRIVELS
ideal for plants

Question 11

hypotonic solution (LYSIS)

Answer 11

more water, less solute

WATER MOVES INSIDE, CELL BURSTS

Question 12

facilitated diffusion:

Answer 12

cell membrane is filled with proteins that act as CHANNELS/CARRIERS that help in the passive transport of molecules into or out of cell

Question 13

facilitated diffusion needs ___ to make way across

Answer 13

PROTEIN

Question 14

channel proteins form a:

Answer 14

passageway for substances

Question 15

when channel protein passageway opens, it can transport:

Answer 15

CHARGED PARTICLES or SMALL POLAR MOLECULES across cell membrane

Question 16

a charged particle can only pass through the channel if:

Answer 16

it has the right charge

a positively charged channel can only transport a negatively charged ion

Question 17

aquaporins:

Answer 17

type of channel protein that facilitate the movement of water through the membrane

Question 18

carrier proteins (SIZE AND SHAPE SPECIFIC):

Answer 18

bund specific molecules to be transported and conformational changes to transfer bound molecule across membrane

Question 19

examples of carrier proteins

Answer 19

glucose, amino acids

Question 20

carrier proteins can passively and actively transport molecules:

Answer 20

from area of HIGH concentration to area of LOW concentration

Question 21

the sodium-potassium pump is:

Answer 21

a cell membrane protein
(driven by cell metabolism, ATP)
actively pumps sodium and potassium against concentration gradients

Question 22

when is bulk membrane transport used

Answer 22

when substances are too big or too polar to cross the lipid bilayer
requires energy

Question 23

in bulk membrane transport, the cell membrane:

Answer 23

folds upon itself to create a membrane enclosed, bubble like sac or vesicle

Question 24

endocytosis:

Answer 24

the cell membrane folds inward and traps a small amount of matter from the extra cellular fluid and brings into cell

Question 25

pinocytosis (ENDOCYTOSIS):

Answer 25

cell DRINKING. liquid droplets are engulfed by cells

Question 26

phagocytosis (ENDOCYTOSIS):

Answer 26

cell EATING. solid particles are engulfed by cells

Question 27

Exocytosus (BULK MEMBRANE TRANSPORT):

Answer 27

a vesicle from inside the cell moves to the cell surface, fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents

Question 28

Exocytosis (BULK MEMBRANE TRANSPORT) is important in cells that are:

Answer 28

responsible for releasing cell-manufacturing products ex. cells of pancreas secrete insulin by exocytosis

Question 29

tonicity:

Answer 29

measure of relative concentration of SOLUTE particles in or outside of a semi permeable membrane

Question 30

what determines the direction and extent to which water moves by osmosis

Answer 30

tonicity (concentration ratio)

Question 31

once the amount of water entering and leaving the cell is the same, ____ is reached

Answer 31

dynamic equilibrium

Question 32

a HYPOtonic solution contains

Answer 32

LESS solute, MORE water than cell. | water moves into cell by osmosis

Question 33

if a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the plant cell will become:

Answer 33

TURGID due to an increase in turgur pressure.

Question 34

when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell will LYSE (burst) because

Answer 34

the animal cell lacks a cell wall, isn’t resistant to pressure

Question 35

a hypertonic solution contains

Answer 35

MORE solute and LESS water than cell. water moves out of cell by osmosis turgor pressure decreases and plasnolysis is caused

Question 36

plasmolysis:

Answer 36

cell membrane separates fork the cell wall

Question 37

both animal and plant cells will shrivels in a:

Answer 37

HYPERtonic solution

Question 38

red blood cells are normally suspended in:

Answer 38

plasma | a liquid containing salts, proteins, other solutes

Question 39

isotonic solution:

Answer 39

solute concentration is the same inside and outside of cell | cell size stays the same

Question 40

plant cells would become __ in an isotonic solution

Answer 40

flaccid

Question 41

glycoprotein vs glycolipid

Answer 41

glycoprotein: carbohydrate-attached PROTEIN (bigger thing) glycolipid: carbohydrate-attached LIPID (smaller component)