cancer

Question 1

cancer is a general name for a group diseases from:

Answer 1

uncontrolled, abnormal division and growth of cells

Question 2

if a cell is damaged due to ____, the cell USUALLY commits suicide by apoptosis.

Answer 2

injury or by a mutation. (PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH)

Question 3

cancer: damaged cells survive? when they should die, and:

Answer 3

new cells form when they are not needed. a TUMOUR

Question 4

two types of tumors

Answer 4

• benign

- malignant

Question 5

benign tumors

Answer 5

• non cancerous
• cells divide but stay together
• may press on nearby organs, nerves, vessels

Question 6

malignant tumors

Answer 6

• cancerous
• interfere with the function of neighbouring cells and tissues
• compete with healthy cells for nutrients
• invade and destroy surrounding tissue
• metastasize

Question 7

metastasis:

Answer 7

when cells break away from a tumor, enter bloodstream, and form another tumor.

Question 8

how is cancer caused

Answer 8

mutations to genes that control the way the cell functions, grows, divides.

Question 9

how do genetic changes occur (that form cancer):

Answer 9

• can be partly hereditary
• environmental and occupational factors
• lifestyle choices

Question 10

a genetic link increases your chances of:

Answer 10

developing cancer

Question 11

carcinogens: substances or exposures

Answer 11

can cause cancer in living tissues if you are exposed

Question 12

carcinogens examples

Answer 12

alcohol, sodium nitrite (preservative in cured meats), UV radiation, tobacco smoke.

Question 13

cancer screenings

Answer 13

• blood tests
• breast self examinations/ultrasound
• pap test
• testicular self examination
• PSA blood test
• liopsy (confirm a diagnosis)

Question 14

what cancer screening device checks for leukaemia

Answer 14

blood tests

Question 15

stomach cancer screening test

Answer 15

gastroscopy

Question 16

colon cancer screening test

Answer 16

colonoscopy

Question 17

3 cancer treatments

Answer 17

1. surgery
2. chemotherapy
3. radiation

Question 18

cancer treatment: surgery

Answer 18

physically removing cancerous tissue (painful recovery, entire tumour may not be removed if vital organs will be damaged)

Question 19

cancer treatment: chemotherapy

Answer 19

drugs that stop cancer cells form dividing. can reach tumours not visibly detected by tests. drugs are TOXIC to healthy cells.

Question 20

cancer treatment: radiation

Answer 20

energy wages damage DNA of cancer cells to stop division. can harm healthy cells or burn affected area.

Question 21

to prevent cancer, eat plenty of ____ high in cancer fighting chemicals.

Answer 21

fruits and veggies (broccoli, sweet potatoes, berries, cabbage, citrus fruits)

Question 22

to prevent cancer, avoid eating meats that are high in:

Answer 22

fat and contain hormones and antibiotics

Question 23

to prevent cancer, maintain

Answer 23

healthy weight and exercise regularly

Question 24

to prevent cancer, avoid alcohol,

Answer 24

cigarette smoke, and cured meats

Question 25

tips to prevent cancer

Answer 25

• eat fruits and veggies
• avoid meats
• maintain a healthy weight
• avoid alcohol, cigarettes, cured meats

Question 26

benign tumours are better to have bc

Answer 26

benign: noncancerous
malignant: cancerous

Question 27

malignant tumours can grow rapidly, invade, and destroy nearby tissues, and:

Answer 27

spread thru the body

Question 28

benign tumours do not pose the threat that:

Answer 28

malignant tumours do

Question 29

metastasize:

Answer 29

invade other organs (malignant cells are more likely to do this)