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NAPLEX!!! > Diagnostic Tests - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Diagnostic Tests - Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), increased C-reactive protein (CRP), Positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF), positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

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2
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), increased C-reactive protein (CRP), Positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF), positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), positive anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)

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3
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), increased C-reactive protein (CRP), Positive Rheumatoid Factor (RF), positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), positive anti-dsDNA antibodies

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4
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

MRI

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5
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease Hgb/Hct/RBC

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6
Q

Microcytic Anemia

A

Decrease Hgb/Hct/RBC
Decrease MCV

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7
Q

Macrocytic Anemia

A

Decrease Hgb/Hct/RBC
Decrease MCV
Schilling test

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8
Q

DVT

A

D-dimer test
Ultrasound
Venography
MRI

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9
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary computed tomographic angiography

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10
Q

What is CHA2-DS2-VASc used for?

A

Stroke Prevention

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11
Q

HIT

A

Decreased platelets (50% or more of baseline) 5-14 days after starting Heparin

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12
Q

Arrythmias

A

EKG; holter monitor, heart rate

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13
Q

Chronic Heart Failure

A

Echo
Increased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP);
Increased N-terminal proBNP

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14
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

CT
MRI

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15
Q

Stable Angina

A

Cardiac Stress Test
Angiography

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16
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Increased total cholesterol
Coronary Artery Calcium

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17
Q

Hypertension

A

Blood Pressure

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18
Q

Hypertensive Emergency

A

BP >180/120 WITH tissue damage

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19
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

BP >180/120 WITHOUT tissue damage

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20
Q

ASCVD risk

A

10-Year Risk Atherosclerosis Disease

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21
Q

Prediabetes and Diabetes

A

Fasting plasma glucose
Oral glucose tolerance test
Hemoglobin A1C

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22
Q

ACS

A

EKG
Creatine Kinase
Troponin

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23
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Decreased TSH
Increased T4

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24
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Increased TSH
Decreased T4

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25
Q

Ovulation

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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26
Q

Pregnancy

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

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27
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Clear, white, or gray vaginal discharge
Fish Odor
pH >4.5

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28
Q

Candida Vaginosis

A

White, thick vaginal discharge
Puritis

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29
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Yellow, green, frothy discharge
Foul Smelling discharge
pH >4.5
Soreness and pain with intercourse

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30
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Upper Endoscopy

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31
Q

Duodenal ulcer Symptoms

A

Pain 2-3 hours after eating
Pain relief with antacids

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32
Q

Gastric Ulcers symptoms

A

Pain right after eating
Little to no pain relief with antacids

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33
Q

GERD

A

Esophageal pH monitoring
Endoscopy

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34
Q

H. Pylori

A

Urea breath test
Fecal Antigen test

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35
Q

Chron’s Disease

A

Endoscopy
Colonoscopy biopsy
CT
MRI

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36
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy biopsy
CT
MRI

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37
Q

Spirometry

A

FEV1 (how much air can be forcefully exhaled in one second)
FVC (the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled) FEV1/FVC (the percentage of total air capacity that can be forcefully exhaled in one second)

38
Q

Asthma

A

FVC
FEV1
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

39
Q

Allergic asthma

40
Q

COPD

A

Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7

41
Q

Acid/Base Disorders

A

Arterial Blood Gas

42
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Decreased pH
Decreased HCO3
Compensation - respiratory alkalosis

43
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Decreased pH
Increased pCO2
Compensation - metabolic alkalosis

44
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Increased pH
Increased HCO3
Compensation - respiratory acidosis

45
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Increased pH
Decreased pCO2
Compensation - metabolic acidosis

46
Q

Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

A

Anion gap >12 mEq/L

47
Q

General Infection

A

Fever
Increased WBC
Left Shift

48
Q

C Difficile

A

Positive C diff stool toxin or PCR

49
Q

HIV

A

HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay
HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay
HIV RNA viral load
nucleic acid test

50
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Echo
Blood Culture

51
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Round, red, bullseye rash
ELISA test

52
Q

Meningitis

A

Lumbar Puncture (LP)
Severe Headache
Stiff Neck
AMS

53
Q

Onychomycosis

A

20% KOH smear

54
Q

Lice

A

Itching
Nits on the scalp

55
Q

Pinworm

A

Tape test
Helminths in blood, feces, or urine

56
Q

Pneumonia

A

Chest XRay with Infiltrates, opacities, or consolidations

57
Q

Syphillis

A

Positive nontreponemal assay or Veneral Disease Research Laboratory Test and treponemal assay

58
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii Encephalitis

A

Toxoplasma IgM and IgG test

59
Q

Latent TB

A

Positive tuberculin skin test
Interferon Gamma Release Assay Blood Test

60
Q

UTI

A

Urinalysis with WBC count

61
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Mammogram
Ultrasound
MRI

62
Q

Cervical Cancer

A

Pap smear
HPV test

63
Q

Lung Cancer

A

CT of the chest

64
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Skin Biopsy

65
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

Digital Rectal Exam
Prostate Specific Antigen

66
Q

General Cancer

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Positron Emission Tomography Scan (PET)

67
Q

Allergies

A

Skin Prick
IgE antibodies test

68
Q

Bleeding

A

Decrease Hct or Hgb
Visible blood or bruising
Coffee ground emesis
Dark/tarry stool
Red blood in the stool

69
Q

Cholestasis

A

Increased Alkaline phosphatase
Increased Bilirubin
Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase

70
Q

Colon Cancer

A

Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy Double contrast barium enema
CT
stool DNA
Fecal occult blood test
Fecal immunochemical test

71
Q

Alzheimer’s Cognitive Impairment

A

Mini-mental State Exam (MMSE)

72
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Sweat Test

73
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased Intraocular Pressure
Visual Field Test

74
Q

Gout

A

Increased uric acid

75
Q

Active TB

A

Positive sputum acid-fast bacilli stain and culture
Chest xray with cavitation

76
Q

Liver Disease

A

Increased AST/ALT Increased Alk Phos
Increased Tbili
Increased lactate dehydrogenase

77
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Increased PT/INR
Decreased Albumin

78
Q

Alcoholic Liver Disease

A

Increased AST Increased ALT
Increased GGT

79
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Increased ammonia levels

80
Q

Movement Disorders (Tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson’s Disease, etc.)

A

Abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS)

81
Q

Myopathy

A

Increased creatine kinase

82
Q

Neuropathy

A

Sensation with 10-g monofilament, pin prick, temperature, and or vibration tests

83
Q

Osteoarthritis

84
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone Mineral density (BMD)
Dual energy Xray absorptiometry (DEXA)
T score </= 2.5

85
Q

Osteopenia

A

T-score 1.5-2.4

86
Q

Pain

A

Pain Scales

87
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Increased amylase
Increased lipase

88
Q

Psych Disorders

89
Q

Depression

90
Q

Renal Disease

A

Increased BUN
Increase SCr Increased BUN/SCr
Increased CrCl
Increased eGFR
Increased urine albumin

91
Q

Seizures

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

92
Q

Obesity

NAPLEX!!! (21 decks)

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