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NAPLEX!!! > Basic Science Concepts - Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Basic Science Concepts - Chapter 2 Flashcards

All of the structures will be drawn out on study sheets and notecards

1
Q

Substrate

A

A substance that creates a signal or produces an effect by binding to a receptor, enzyme, or transporter

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2
Q

Endogenous

A

A substance that is produced by the body

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3
Q

Exogenous

A

A substance that is produced outside of the body

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4
Q

Agonist

A

A substance that combines with a receptor to initiate a reaction

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5
Q

Antagonist

A

A substance that combines with a receptor to block or reduce a reaction

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6
Q

Induction

A

When a substance increases the activity of an enzyme

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7
Q

Inhibition

A

When a substance decreases the activity of an enzyme

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8
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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9
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The rest of the body - receives signals from the CNS

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary muscle movements

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11
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Bodily functions - digestion, cardiac output, and blood pressure

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12
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the somatic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

The body’s chemical messengers

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14
Q

Which receptors does acetylcholine bind to?

A

Nicotinic receptors in the skeletal muscles

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15
Q

The autonomic nervous system breaks down further into the

A

Parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is known as the

A

Rest and digest system

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17
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is known as the

A

Fight or flight system

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18
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

What are the physiological responses of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Digestion

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20
Q

What neurotransmitters are released by the sympathetic nervous system

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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21
Q

What receptor does Epinephrine bind to?

A

Adrenergic receptors

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22
Q

What are the adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha-1
Beta-1
Beta-2

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23
Q

Where are the adrenergic receptors located?

A

Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system

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24
Q

What are the physiological responses to sympathetic nervous system activation

A

Increased BP
Increased HR
Bronchodilation
Anti-cholinergic effects

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25
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

Antagonist binds to the same active site as an endogenous substrate, which prevents the endogenous substrate from binding to the active site, which causes a reaction

26
Q

Non-Competitive Inhibition

A

The antagonist binds to a receptor other than the active site, which causes a change in shape of the active site. This prevents the endogenous substrate from binding to the active site

27
Q

Allosteric Site

A

A site other than the active site on the receptor

28
Q

True or False: Drugs can act as agonists or antagonists

29
Q

True or False: Drugs can only act at one receptor

A

False - multiple receptors can be affected

30
Q

Isoproterenol - receptors

A

Mixed beta-1 and beta-2 agonist

31
Q

Carvediolol - receptors

A

Alpha-1 antagonist
Beta-1 antagonist
Beta-2 antagonist

32
Q

Clonidine - receptors

A

Centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

33
Q

Clonidine - affects

A

Decrease in overall sympathetic output

34
Q

What substrate acts on the muscarinic receptors?

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

What substrate acts on the Nicotinic receptors?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

What substrate acts on the Alpha-1 receptors

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

37
Q

Where are the Alpha-1 receptors located

A

in the peripheral

38
Q

What substrate acts on the Alpha-2 receptors?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

39
Q

What substrate acts on the Beta-1?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

40
Q

Where are beta-1 receptors located?

A

In the heart

41
Q

What substrate acts on the Beta-2?

A

Epinephrine

42
Q

Where are beta-2 receptors located?

A

In the lungs

43
Q

What substrate acts on the dopamine receptors?

44
Q

What substrate acts on the serotonin receptors?

45
Q

Drug agonist of the muscarinic receptor examples

A

Pilocarpine
Bethanechol

46
Q

Drug antagonist at the muscarinic receptors examples

A

Atropine
Oxybutynin

47
Q

Agonist action at the muscarinic receptors

A

Increase in SLUDD

48
Q

Antagonist action at the muscarinic receptors

A

Decrease in SLUDD

49
Q

Drug agonist of the nicotinic receptor examples

50
Q

Drug antagonist of the nicotinic receptor examples

A

Rocuronium
Neuromuscular blockers

51
Q

Agonist action at the nicotinic receptor

A

Increased HR
Increased BP

52
Q

Antagonist action at the nicotinic receptor

A

Neuromuscular blockade

53
Q

Drug agonist at the Alpha-1 receptor example

A

Phenylephrine
Dopamine

54
Q

Drug antagonist at the Alpha-1 receptor example

A

Doxazosin
Carvediolol
Phentolamine

55
Q

Agonist action at the alpha-1 receptors

A

Smooth muscle vasoconstriction
Increased BP

56
Q

Antagonist action at the alpha-1 receptor

A

Smooth muscle vasodilation
Decreased BP

57
Q

Drug agonist at the alpha-2 receptor

A

Clonidine
Brimonidine

58
Q

Drug antagonist at the Alpha-2 receptor

A

Ergot alkaloids
Yohimbine

59
Q

Agonist action at the alpha-2 receptors

A

Decrease the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Decrease BP and HR

60
Q

Antagonist action at the alpha-2 receptors

A

Increase BP and HR

NAPLEX!!! (21 decks)

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