Diagnostic MCAT (science) Flashcards
What letter is equillibrium constant?
K
What is pK and what does the size of the number indicate?
pK = -log(K)
Dissociation constant of acid into its conjugate base or vice versa.
Smaller number indicates stronger acid/base.
What is the formula that ties in the equillibrium constant of acids and bases?
Ka * Kb = Kw
Kw applies to water, ig this is only for water.
Put 50cm^2 into m^2.
.005 m^2 (4 decimal places)
Relate capacitance, voltage, and charge.
Relate average current, time, and charge.
Q = CV
I = Q/∆t
If a capacitance or voltage is changed in a problem and the respective new value of the new capacitance or voltage is asked, what is the equation?
C1V1=C2V2
Relate wavelength to frequency 2 ways.
What is the speed of light?
f = 1/λ
(inverse relationship)
f*λ = c(speed of light)
c = 3E8 m/s
Protonation and deprotonation
Protonation: Addition of a proton (H+)
Deprotonation: Removal of a proton (H+)
As pH is raised, the most acidic group ____ ____.
deprotonates first
This is because the most acidic group has the lowest pKa, meaning it is the most willing to lose a proton (H⁺) at lower pH values.
Acidity and pKa are ____ ____.
inversely related
What change in physical state (ex. solid to liquid, liquid to gas, liquid to solid, gas to liquid) takes the most energy/heat.
Vaporization (liquid to gas)
Enantiomers
Pairs of chiral molecules. Same physical/chemical properties.
Ex:
Dextrorotatory (rotates light clockwise, labeled (+)), the other being Levorotatory (rotates light counterclockwise, labeled (-)).
Chirality
Can’t be superimposed on another molecule, same size but assymetrical. (Right glove left glove).
Same atomic formula and connectivity.
Similar physical and chemical properties but can differ in different conditions.
Refers to one molecule.
Blood flow speed is 30 cm/s in a 1.6 cm diameter tube. Tube is reduced to .8 cm diameter, what is the new speed?
A1V1=A2V2
Area = pir^2
Answer is 120 cm/s
Does Ca 2+ have an electron configuration equal to that of a noble gas? (Need periodic table)
Yes, loses two electrons through positive 2 charge, move 2 columns left on the periodic table.
6C12 (6 on top 12 on bottom of Carbon)
What about 14 on bottom?
How many protons electrons neutrons?
Protons:6
Neutrons:6
Electrons, depending on + or -, if C+, 5 electrons.
If Carbon has 14, then 6 protons, 8 neutrons.
Electronegativity
Periodic table trick…
Ability for atom to attract electrons toward itself in chemical bond.
Increase in electronegativity as moves to the right and up (periodic table).
Temperature’s relationship to volume…
Pressure relation to volume…
As temp increases volume increases (if heat is added).
Inverse relationship –> Doubling pressure will halve the volume.
Formula relating moles volume and concentration.
moles = CV –> moles = volumeconcentration
Le Chateleirs Principle.
Formula with Ki, E, EI and I.
In a reversible process, the application of stress in the system will prompt a response that relieves stress.
Ex. Adding more [I] (inhibitor) will prompt the production of more [EI] (enzyme substrate inhibitor).
Ki = ([I][E])/[EI]
[E] + [I] <–> [EI]
Polarity relationship with water solubility…
As polarity increases so does water solubility.
Reasoning:
Polarity increases water solubility because polar molecules can form hydrogen bonds or dipole-dipole interactions with water, which is a highly polar solvent. These interactions allow the polar molecules to dissolve more easily by breaking into the water’s hydrogen-bonded network.
RC(=O)R ——> RCH(OH)R
What happened here?
C(=O) = carbonyl
H(OH) = hydroxyl
carbonyl to hydroxyl group.
What kind of reaction is this:
RC(=O)R ——> RCH(OH)R
Reduction reaction.
Addition of electrons and protons.
When more electronegative atoms are replaced with less electro negative atoms on a carbon, the oxidation state decreases (becomes more negative) because the carbon “gains” electrons because the pull is less intense.
What are flavins?
Group of organic compounds based on a molecular structure derived from isoalloxazine —> tricylcic ring system.