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Biology > BioChemistry CH1 > Flashcards

BioChemistry CH1 Flashcards

1
Q

small vs large biomolecule

A

5000 g/mol

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2
Q

Dalton

A

25000 g/mol = 25000 Da

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3
Q

What is a biomolecule

A

Molecules that are part of the cell or molecules that are excreted by cells

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4
Q

Where is uric acid excreted

A

into the bloodstream of humans

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5
Q

When too much uric acid is produced what happens

A

Gout

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6
Q

ATP and chemical makeup

A

Critical for energy production

based on carbon skeleton with functional groups such as phosphoryl or alcohol functional groups

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7
Q

Luceferin

A

Fireflies lightning bugs reactive compound produces light when they undergo a chemical reaction
5 chem rxns

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8
Q

Luminol

A

Same as luciferin but made in a lab used for crime scenes.

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9
Q

Biochemists study

A

the structure and function of biomolecules

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10
Q

____ produce dyes

A

plants

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11
Q

what is glow called

A

bioluminescence

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12
Q

Chemistry of life (biochem)

A

In biochem we ask how remarkable properties of organisms relate to their molecules

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13
Q

What are three ways that biochemists study biological organisms?

A
  1. structure/function of biomolecules
  2. chemical reactions the biomolecules undergo
  3. The attributes of organisms and how they interact with each other (what makes a firefly glow and why)
    COMMUNICATION
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14
Q

What is the definition of biochemistry?

A

The chemistry of life, how different properties of organisms relate to their molecules, molecular structure, and molecular properties

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15
Q

What is another name for firefly?

A

Lightning bugs

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16
Q

Is Li an element common in biological organisms?

A

No, not a trace or bulk element

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17
Q

Name some bulk elements and trace elements

A

Bulk: H C H N O P S Cl Na K Ca
Trace: V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Mg Se I

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18
Q

What is the medium of life

A

Water (found in all cells of multicellular organisms, and outside the cell too)

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19
Q

Bond angles
Linear
Trigonal Planar
Tetrahedral
Trigonal Pyramidal

A

180
120
109.5
107.5

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20
Q

Are transition metals found in biological organisms

A

yes
Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

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21
Q

Water makes up to __% of living things and some species of plants are __% water by mass

A

70%, 90%

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22
Q

Larger or smaller elements make stronger covalent bonds

A

Smaller
They can form stable covalent bonds with significant overlap of atoms.
The bonds withstand mechanical and thermal stress

23
Q

Difference between organic and inorganic molecules

A

Organic - contains carbon compounds particularly with H bonds
Inorganic - the study of all other molecules which includes metal compounds

24
Q

Methane, ethane, propane, Butane, Pentane, hexane

A

CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14

25
Q

Chemical formula vs condensed formula

A

Chemical - C6H14
Condensed - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

26
Q

Kekule vs line bond

A
27
Q

How are aldehyde and ketone functional groups similar and different

A

Similar: Both double bond C=O
Different: aldehyde has the single bonds coming out of the carbon to one H and one R, whereas ketone has 2 Rs.

28
Q

functional groups found in glycine

A

carboxylic acid and amine

29
Q

Amine

A
30
Q

Alkane vs alkene vs alkyne

A

Bond order
Alkane - CH4, C2H6, C3H8, etc (single bond C-C)
Alkene - R R - C=C - R R (double bond C=C) (R or H)
Alkyne - R - C triplebond C - R
(R or H)

31
Q

Macromolecule examples

A

Large biomolecules
Proteins, Carbohydrates, (DNA/RNA)

32
Q

Monomers of macromolecules

A

Protein - amino acids
Carbohydrates - sugar molecules (monosaccharides)
DNA/RNA - nucleotides

33
Q

Supramolecule vs macromolecule

A

Supramolecule - combination of more than 1 macromolecule of different type
Example: cell wall (a combination of carbs and proteins)

34
Q

What level of organization is a nucleotide, cell wall, and a protein?

A

Monomer
Supramolecue
Macromolecule

35
Q

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?

A

Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotes do not. Prokaryotes are single celled organisms whereas are eukaryotes are multicellular organisms.

36
Q

How are bacteria and archaea different?

A

Archaea live in extreme environments such as hot springs, whereas bacteria live in soil water or on human skin.
Phylogenetically speaking, archaea and bacteria are two different categories of cells.

Similarities: Both prokaryotes

37
Q

Function of mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles

A

Mitochondria - Breaks down sugar molecules to produce ATP.

Lysosomes - Breaks down a variety of macromolecules for reuse (protein lipid carb nucleic acid)
Have an acidic pH.

Vacuoles - Store water, proteins, ions, and other molecules the cell uses. Have digestive enzymes to degrade proteins carbohydrates, and nucleic aids. In plants, vacuoles in part replace the functional utility of lysosomes in animal cells but act in large part as storage.

38
Q

What energy molecule is produced in mitochondria?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

39
Q

ATP contains many functional groups including

A

Phosphoryl functional groups
PO4 with one double bond.

40
Q

What do all cells have in common?

A

plasma membrane - separates the outside of the cell from the inside of the cell

41
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up out of

A

Lipids and non polar proteins (not bonded covalently - which makes it in permeable to waters, ions, and large molecules - can change in response to the environment.

42
Q

When cell grows, the plasma membrane…

A

Can synthesize additional lipids to adapt.

43
Q

A true nucleus exists in…

A

eukaryotes

A unique double membrane called the nuclear envelope that searates the rest of the cell from the chromosomes.

44
Q

Rough ER

A

synthesizes and processes proteins

45
Q

smooth ER

A

functions primarily to form lipids
synthesizes lipids and phospholipids

46
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Receives products and processes them from the rough ER on their way to final destination.

47
Q

peroxisome

A

Organelle that contains enzymes that detoxify dangerous or hazardous materials.

48
Q

Cellular respiration

A
49
Q

chloroplasts

A

Convert sunlight into chemical energy. Structure and function are analogous to that of mitochondria.

50
Q

Cell Wall

A

Not an organelle, but provides a rigid structure for protection.

51
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Found inside the cell as an extensive network of proteins that give the cell its shape and stability.
Also help cells move around

52
Q

polymers

A

Subset of repeating monomers, type of macromolecule

53
Q
A

Biology (14 decks)

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