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Critical Care I > Diagnostic Imaging Lecture > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

air appears (what color)

A

black

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2
Q

fat appears (what color)

A

gray/black (faint)

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3
Q

water appears (what color)

A

white

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4
Q

bone appears (what color)

A

bright white

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5
Q

xray front to back is what view

A

AP

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6
Q

which chest view is more accurate interpretation of heart size

A

PA

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7
Q

WHAT cxr view is good for seeing an effusion

A

Lat decub

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8
Q

pneumonic for looking at xray

A 
A-airway
B - Bones
C - cardiac silhouette/size
D - diaphragm/costophrenic angle
E -everything else
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9
Q

Airway documentation

A

midline trachea, no deviation

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10
Q

potential problems with x ray to assess (technique)

A

penetration - if its too dark, make it lighter and vs versa
position - assess for correct labeling of position
rotation - make sure they are not rotated (look at clavicles to make sure they are symmetrical)

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11
Q

in an outpatient setting, do you need a chest x ray to diagnose pneumonia

A

no, clinically diagnosed with tachypnea, fever and focality on auscultation

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12
Q

what lobes are more common in aspiration pneumonia

A

RU and R Middle lobe pneumonia

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13
Q

Loculated bubble with an air fluid level

complication of what?

A

pneumatocele - complication of staphylococcal pneumonia

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14
Q

most common with bilat, hazy appearance

perihilar densities/peribronchial cuffing seen

A

bronchiolitis

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15
Q

can range in size from trace to large, and in complexity with cavitations/loculations being hardest to resolve

A

pleural effusion

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16
Q

can range from trace to large and can be life threatening if evolves

A

pneumothorax

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17
Q

what can pneumo turn into if not treated

how to treat?

A

tension pneumo - medical emergency treat with needle decompression … mid clavicular line between 2nd and 3rd intercostal space

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18
Q

image shows the water bottle sign

A

pericardial effusion

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19
Q

Air accumulation in the pericardial cavity

A

pneumopericardium

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20
Q

optimal endotracheal tube placement

A

T3-T4
above the carina

(t 1 is where the first rib comes off)

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21
Q

AP image of abdomen through pelvis

A

KUB

kidney ureters bladder

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22
Q

intraluminal gas within the bowel wall, giving the bowel a mottled appearance with dilated loops

what is this and what is it most consistent with

A

Pneumatosis intestinalis

most consistent with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

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23
Q

Can see dilated loops > 3 cm, stepladder appearance or string of pearls

A

small bowel obstruction

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24
Q

see dilations >7cm, haustration

A

large bowel obstruction

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25
Q

twisting of intestine and mesentery upon itself with distal obstruction - coffee bean sign

A

Volvulus - surgical emergency

26
Q

telescoping of intestine upon itself at multiple possible points

target sign
meniscus or crescent sign

A

intussusception

27
Q

target sign

A

intussusception

28
Q

step ladder appearance

A

small bowel obstruction

29
Q

string of pearls

A

small bowel obstruction

30
Q

coffee bean sign

A

volvulus

31
Q

meniscus sign

A

intussusception

32
Q

crescent sign

A

intussusception

33
Q

best for addressing bones, blood (bleeding)

A

CT scan

34
Q

takes multiple x rays (slices)

A

CT scan

35
Q

best for addressing fine details of soft tissue (looking for brain lesion not noted on CT) Gray/white matter differentiation

A

MRI

36
Q

looking for brain lesion not noted on CT

A

MRI

37
Q

bleed lens shaped being pushed away brain from skull inward

bleed between skull and dura mater

A

epidural hematoma

38
Q

“hugging the brain” “c shaped or crescent”

bleed between dura mater and brain, usually due to stretching/tearing of blood vessels

A

subdural hematoma

39
Q

type of bleed common in shaken baby

A

subdural hematomas

40
Q

rarely found in isolated fashion if caused by trauma, almost always found in concert with another bleed

A

subarachnoid bleed

41
Q

s/s terrible headache, n/v/ ams

requires coils or clipping and vasospasm reduction

A

subarachnoid bleed

42
Q

dilation of ventricles in response to either excess csf production or due to obstruction somewhere in path of CSF flow

A

Hydrocephalus

43
Q

what chest view gives a more accurate depiction of heart size

A

PA

44
Q

1st rib comes off of what vertebrae

A

T1

45
Q

how many ribs should you see on x ray

A

8-10

46
Q

lobes and fissures for R lobe vs L lobe

A

R 3 lobes 2 fissures

L 2 lobes 1 fissure

47
Q

How can you tell if pneumonia is RUL vs RML….

A

For RML your heart border is more hazy where as RUL is a clear hear border

48
Q

diagnosis described: area of focality, focused to a specific lobe or lobes of lung

A

Bacterial Pneumonia

49
Q

ABX for bacterial pneumonia
home oral vs inpatient IV
if they arent getting better on the IV abx what are you going to change to
If they still continue to worsen/look toxic

A

45mg/kg Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Rocephin
Vanc

50
Q

most common secondary infection following influenza

A

Staph ….can loculate off and form a pneumatocele

51
Q

where should your ET tube show up on the x ray (vertebrae)

A

T3

52
Q

in an intubation if you have a lung collapse. what do you do

A

You can try some retraction of tube in an infant. In an adult you will prob have to extubate, bag and re-intubate

53
Q

what x ray view allows free fluid to layer out with air which will let air rise to top

A

lateral decub

54
Q

what is diagnostic for and also therapeutic for Intussusception

A

Barium Enema

55
Q

what do you do if you have a confirmed ng tube placement into the lung

A

leave it….and get assistance. at risk to perf the lung when you remove

56
Q

Nasoduodenal tube placement x ray

A

crosses the midline - past spine, should be outside the stomach….should start to curve downward

57
Q

subdural intervention depends on

A

size…sometimes they will monitor, sometimes needs surgical intervention

58
Q

treatment for hydrocephalus

A

Neurosurgery consult -possible ICP monitoring
ETV vs VP shunt
Ophthalmology consult

59
Q

MRI with contrast

A

infection
Hem onc patients usually depending on what looking for

if not concerned for infection, then without

60
Q

CT with contrast

A

for abd, usually lights up better with contrast….

CTA - looking for vascular abnormalities

Critical Care I (27 decks)

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