Diabetes

Question 1

what type of hypersensitivity is DM type 1

Answer 1

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 2

DKA and relationship to K

Answer 2

Blood K+ high

intracellular K+ low

Question 3

Cells make insulin but body doesn’t respond to the insulin (insulin resistance)

Answer 3

DM type 2

Question 4

fasting glucose level for
Prediabetes
Diabetes

Answer 4

100-125

>=126

Question 5

Random glucose for Diabetes diagnosis

Answer 5

> =200

Question 6

Oral glucose tolerance test (2hrs) diagnosis for
prediabetes
diabetes

Answer 6

140-199

>=200

Question 7

HbA1C
prediabetes
diabetes

Answer 7

5.7-6.4

>=6.5

Question 8

plasma glucose >600, ph >7.3, serum bicarb >15, small ketonuria, absent mild ketonemia, serum osmolality >320

Answer 8

HHS

Question 9

glucose >200, ph <7.3, serum bicarb <15, ketonuria and ketonemia present

Answer 9

DKA

Question 10

labs for DKA

Answer 10

	K, Na, HCO3, Cl, Glucose
	BUN/Creatine
	B-hydroxybutyrate
	Venous Blood Gas
	Ca, Mg, Phos

Question 11

new onset diabetes labs

Answer 11

 Diabetes-associated antibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, insulin auto-antibodies, islet cell antibodies, and zine transporter 8 antibodies)
 Hemoglobin A1C, insulin C-peptides
 Celiac Panel
 Thyroglobulin antibodies

(GAD-65
IA-2, IA-2B)

Question 12

cardiac monitoring for DKA

Answer 12

T wave alterations due to hyper or hypokalemia

Question 13

what blood glucose level do you add dextrose to IV fluids when treating DKA

Answer 13

200-250…adjust fluids to prevent rapid drop in glucose (>100mg/dl/hr)

Question 14

In DKA insulin infusion is started at __u/kg/hr

Answer 14

0.1unit/kg/hr

Question 15

When do you transition a DKA pt from your IV infusions to subq

Answer 15

pH is >7.3 and bicarb is >18 or kenonemia has resolved

Question 16

most serious complication of pediatric DKA

Answer 16

Cerebral Edema

Question 17

what lab tests need to be checked before starting metformin

Answer 17

LFTs

Question 18

side effects of Metformin

Answer 18

most common is GI upset
rare side affect is lactic acidosis

dont mix with alcohol - increases risk of lactic acidosis

Question 19

medication that increases risk of lactic acidosis with Metformin

Answer 19

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate