Diagnosis & Management Flashcards
what happens to gram negative bacteria after a gram stain
pink/red as the thin peptidoglycan layer does not retain dye
what happens to gram positive bacteria after a gram stain
blue/purple as the thick peptidoglycan cell wall retains the primary stain
what are some examples of atypical bacteria that are not detectable using gram stain
chlamydia, mycoplasm, legionells
what is the sepsis six used to control scepticemia
give 02 to keep SATS above 94% take blood cultures IV abx fluid challenge measure lactate measure urine output
what is empirical abx theory
clinical diagnosis of likely infection without microbiological information
treatment with ‘best guess’ antibiotics based on knowledge of likely cause
how are UTIs diagnosed
dipstick, clinical symptoms, urine cultures
what are ‘complicated’ circumstances of UTIs
male, pregnant, neutropenic, recurrent
what is MC&S guided therapy
microscopy, culture and sensitivity
what is a key interaction of ciprofloxacin
CYP inhibitor; reduces metabolism of other drugs
what is a key interaction of rifampicin
CYP inducer so increases metabolism of other drugs
what is a key interaction of macrolides
CYP inhibitor
increases levels of other drugs
what is a key consideration of linezolid
MAOI and many antidepressant and food interactions
what is a ket consideration of oral contraceptives
interaction with broad spectrum abx
which abx require therapeutic level monitoring
vancomycin, gentamicin, teicoplanin
after what duration should IV abx be reviewed
48 hours
