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CP2 Ophthlamology > Diabetic Retinopathy > Flashcards

Diabetic Retinopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diabetic retinopathy?

A

Retinal vasculopathy due to DM

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2
Q

Which vessels are affected in diabetic retinopathy?

A

Precapillary aaa, vvv + capillaries

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3
Q

What is the incidence of DR most related to?

A

Duration of DM

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4
Q

RF DR (8)

A 
Duration DM*** 
Age 
Smoking 
Control DM (poor) 
HTN
Hyperlipidaemia 
Renal impairment 
Pregnancy
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5
Q

How long after having DM does NPDR tend to occur?

A

> 8-10years after

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6
Q

Features NPDR on fundoscopy (7)

A 
Microaneurysms 
Exudates
Retinal haemorrhages
CW spots
Vascular dilatations 
Calibre variations
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
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7
Q

What is a microaneurysm

A

Focal dilatations of retinal capillaries which leak

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8
Q

What is a haemorrhage

A

Dot (small)
Blot (large) from vv reintal caps
Flame = nn fibre layer

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9
Q

What is a CW spot

A

Greyish white, fluffy edged lesions in nn fibre layer (axoplasmic accum)

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10
Q

If NPDR is severe, how long will it be until it becomes PDR?

A

12 months

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11
Q

What % people with DM have PDR?

A

5%

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12
Q

Which type of diabetes is more susceptible to PDR?

A

T1DM

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13
Q

Features early PDR

A

Neovascularisation

Fragile –> vitreious haemorrhage

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14
Q

What vasculature is affected in PDR?

A

vv

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15
Q

Late changes PDR (3)

A

Retinal fibrosis
Traction - retinal detachment
Rubeosis iridis + neovascular glaucoma

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16
Q

Which type of diabetes is more likely to get diabetic maculopathy?

A

T1

17
Q

What are the 3 types of diabetic maculopathy?

A

Focal
Diffuse
Ischaemic

18
Q

Features focal diabetic maculopathy

A

Focal leaking from microaneurysms

–> focal retinal thickening + surrounding exudates

19
Q

Features diffuse diabetic maculopathy

A

Diffuse leakage dilated capillaries

Retinal oedema, retinal haemorrhages, no exudates

20
Q

Features ischaemic Diabetic maculopathy

A

Closure cap network
Diffuse oedema
Dark haemorrhages

21
Q

How can Ischaemic diabetic maculopathy be confirmed?

A

Fluorescein angiography

22
Q

Mx DR

A

Control DM/other RF

laser photocoagulation

CP2 Ophthlamology (11 decks)

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