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CP2 Ophthlamology > Acute Red Eye > Flashcards

Acute Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major causes of acute red eye?

A

Haemorrhage

Congestion

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2
Q

How can congestion be further broken down (2)

A

Localised

Generalised

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3
Q

How can generalised congestion be further broken down?

A

Conjunctival

Ciliary

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4
Q

What is blepharitis

A

Inflammation of eyelid margin

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5
Q

If anterior, what does blepharitis affect?

A

Eyelashes

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6
Q

If posterior, what does blepharitis affect?

A

Melbomian glands

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7
Q

PS blepharitis (4)

A

Sudden onset
Red eye margin
Burning/itching
Eyelids; inflamed, mild discharge, crusting

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8
Q

Causes blepharitis (3)

A

Staph
Sebrrheic dermatitis
Melbomian gland dysfunction

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9
Q

Mx blepharitis

A

Warm compress
Lid clean + massage
Artificial tears

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10
Q

Causes red eye; non-pain + norm VA (3)

A

Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Episcleritis

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11
Q

causes red eye; painful + variable VA

A

Scleritis

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12
Q

Causes red eye - painful, decr VA (3)

A

Keratitis
Uveitis
AACG

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13
Q

Features subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

posterior edge of blood patch visible
Asymp
VA norm

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14
Q

Causes of subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Post coughing/sneeze

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15
Q

Features retobulbar haemorrhage

A

Posterior edge not visible

Proptosis, restricted eye movements, raised P, pupil reaction

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16
Q

IF there is a poor pupil reaction with retrobular haemorrhage, what does this mean

A

Emergency

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17
Q

Causes retrobular haemorrhage

A

Iatrogrenic

Trauma

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18
Q

Causes of episcleritis

A

Idiopathic (70%)

Autoimmune

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19
Q

Sx episcleritis

A

Discomfort in eye
Acute onset
Eye watering
Gritty

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20
Q

Mx episcleritis

A

Self-limiting

Tx - NSAIDS

21
Q

Scleritis

A

Inflammation through whole thickness of sclera

22
Q

What is scleritis associated with?

A

Systemic disease e.g. RA, SLE

23
Q

Sx scleritis

A

Severe eye pain
Worse on movement
Gradual onset

24
Q

Mx scleritis

A

Oral/TO NSAIDS

CS

25
Q

Generalised congestion (4)

A

Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Uveitis
Acute glaucoma

26
Q

WHere is conjunctival congestion predominantly?

A

In the conjunctival fornices

27
Q

Features conjunctival fornices (5)

A 
Superficial vessels 
Bright red in colour 
Blanch w/ TO VC
Move w/ conjunctival folds 
Centripetal blood flow
28
Q

Where is ciliary/circumcorneal congestion predominantly?

A 
Deep vessels 
Dusky/dark red in colour 
Do not blanch w/ TO VC
DO not move w/conjunctival folds 
Centrifugal blood flow
29
Q

Viral conjunctivitis features

A

Gritty eyes
Watery discharge
Follicles
LN

30
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis features

A

Gritty eyes
Purulent discharge
LN

31
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis features

A

Itchy eyes
Stringy discharge
Papillae
No LN

32
Q

What is a follicle?

A

A collection of lymphocytes

33
Q

If there is photophobia in conjunctivitis, what does this signify?

A

Corneal involvement

34
Q

Which 2 conjunctivitis tend to be bilateral?

A

Viral

Allergic

35
Q

Mx viral/allergic conjunctivitis

A

Usually self-limiting

Allergic - antiH drops

36
Q

Mx bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Chloramphenicol
Fusidic acid drops
Ciprofloxacin drops

37
Q

What are 99% of viral keratitis?

A

Herpes keratitis

38
Q

Tx herpes keratitis?

A

Aciclovir

39
Q

Sx viral keratitis

A 
Pain
Photophobia 
Redness 
Superficial dendritic ulcers 
Decr corneal sensation
40
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A

Vesicles on the tip of the nose

Precedes herpes keratitis

41
Q

Bacteria causing keratitis (3)

A

S aureus
S pneumonia
Pseudomonas

42
Q

Sx bacterial keratitis

A 
Diffuse redness 
Pain 
Photophobia 
Discharge 
Reduced VA
43
Q

Tx bacterial keratitis

A

Cycloplegia

Topical ABX

44
Q

What are keratic preicpitates?

A

Deposition of keratin on back of cornea

45
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Inflammation of iris + ciliary body

46
Q

Features of uveitis

A 
keratic precipitates 
Constricted pupil 
Synechiae (iris adhesions) 
Pain 
Photophobia 
Lacrimation
47
Q

Mx uveitis

A

TO steroids

Cycloplegia

48
Q

Ciliary congestions - AACG Sx+ signs

A 
Headache, N+V
Reduced vision 
Red eye 
Corneal haze/oedema 
Fixed mid-dilated pupil

CP2 Ophthlamology (11 decks)

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