Diabetic Medication Flashcards
1
Q
What is the first line medication for T2DM ?
A
Metformin
2
Q
What type of medication is Metformin ?
What is its role?
What is its adverse effects ?
A
Biguanide
- Increases insulin sensitivity
- Increases glucose uptake to store glycogen.
- Decreases Glycogenolysis /
It does not cause hypoglycemia!
It can cause lactic acidosis in renal impairment.
Commonly used alone with sulphonylureas.
3
Q
What adverse effects can occur from metformin?
A
Lactic Acidosis
4
Q
How do Sulfonylureas work?
What are some adverse effects?
A
- Stimulate the B cells of the pancreas to release insulin.
- They do this by inhibiting the K transporter in the beta cell plasma membrane. This prevents the efflux of potassium, causing depolarisation of the B cells and, as a result, making them release insulin.
- Hypoglycemia
- Weight gain/ increased appetite
- CVS death due to blocking K channels in the heart.
5
Q
How does stigagliptin work?
A
Gliptins (DPP-4 inhibitors) reduce the peripheral breakdown of incretins such as GLP-1
6
Q
What are incretins ?
A
In response to food, the intestines release incretins (GLP-1). This incretin signals the pancreas to decrease insulin and glucagon.
7
Q
A
