Anatomy - Neck and Thyroid Gland

Question 1

What does the carotid sheath protect?

Answer 1

• Common carotid artery
• Vagus Nerve
• Internal Jugular vein

Question 2

What does the Investing layer encapsulate within the neck?

Answer 2

!!Most of the muscle within the neck !!
(outer layer)

• Sternocleidomastoid muscles
• Infrahyoid muscles
• Trapezius muscle

Question 3

What does the prevertebral layer encapsulate within the neck?

Answer 3

!! Everything to do with the vertebral column!!

-Scalene muscles
-Vertebral
-Spinal Chord

Question 4

What does the pre - tracheal layer encapsulate within the neck?

Answer 4

• Oesophagus
• Trachea
• Thyroid

Question 5

What are the layers within the neck?

Answer 5

• Investing layer
• Preverterbal layer
• Carotid sheath
• Pretracheal layer

Question 6

What are the two triangles that exist within the neck?

What are they divided by

Answer 6

• 2 x anterior triangles
• 2x posterior triangles

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles within the neck?

Answer 7

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 8

What does the Sternocleidomastoid muscle divide within the neck ?

Answer 8

Anterior and Posterior Triangles

Question 9

What 4 triangles is the anterior triangle of the neck further divided into ?

Answer 9

• Carotid triangle
• Submental triangle
• Submandibular triangle
• Musclular triangle

Question 10

What two triangles is the posterior triangle of the neck further divided into?

What divides these two triangles

Answer 10

• Occipital triangle
• Subclavian triangle

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Question 11

What splits the anterior triangles, submandibular and submental from one another?

Answer 11

Digastric Muscle

Question 12

Point where you think the Hyoid bone is.

Answer 12

Question 13

Point where you think the internal jugular vein is

Answer 13

Question 14

Point where you think the Thyrohyoid muscle is

Answer 14

Question 15

Point where you think the Common carotid artery is

Answer 15

Question 16

Point where you think the Sternothyroid muscle is

Answer 16

Question 17

Point where you think the Circoid cartilage is

Answer 17

Question 18

Point where you think the Circoid Cartilage is

Answer 18

Question 19

Point where you think the Omohyoid muscle is

Answer 19

Question 20

Point where you think the Thyroid cartilage is

Answer 20

Question 21

Which part of the anterior triangle does the ansa cervicalis sit within?

Answer 21

The carotid triangle

Question 22

Where does the transverse cervical nerve suplpy ?

Answer 22

Anterior triangle

Question 23

What vein drains blood from the head ?

Answer 23

Jugular vein

Question 24

Try explain the surface anatomy of the Triangles and muscles within the neck.

Answer 24

Question 25

What does the thyroid gland wrap around?

Answer 25

The lobes of the thyroid gland are wrapped around the cricoid cartilage and superior rings of the trachea.

Question 26

What is the blood supply to the Thyroid gland ?

Answer 26

Superior thyroid artery – arises as the first branch of the external carotid artery. Inferior thyroid artery – arises from the thyrocervical trunk (a branch of the subclavian artery). Venous drainage is carried by the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins, which form a venous plexus around the thyroid gland.

Question 27

Explain Thyroglossal Cyst in regards to embryological development.

Answer 27

1- The thyroid gland begins development near the base of the tongue – in an area known as the foramen cecum. 2- It descends during development and reaches its destination in the anterior neck by week 7. 3- The descent of the developing thyroid gland forms the thyroglossal duct – an epithelialised tract that connects the gland to its origin at the foramen cecum. It usually regresses by the 10th week of gestation, but can persist in some individuals. If it fails to regress, the duct can give rise to cysts or fistulae. 4- A thyroglossal cyst results from a build-up of secretions within the duct. It typically presents as a midline lump in the anterior neck which rises on tongue protrusion. If left untreated, this cyst can become infected, and form a cutaneous fistula – discharging out onto the skin of the anterior neck. 5- Thyroglossal cysts and fistulae are usually treated with complete excision. Recurrence is quoted at approximately 2.5%.

Question 28

What are the posterior Triangle Muscle?

Answer 28

- Splenius Capitis - Levator Scapulae - Posterior Scalene Muscle - Trapezius muscle

Question 29

What are the Lymph nodes within the head and neck ? Explain where they are in reards to own head

Answer 29

Question 30

Where does the supraclavicular lymph node drain ON THE LEFT SIDE !! What is it also called? What it suggest

Answer 30

Thorax and Abdomen Virchow node Gastric cancers.