Diabetes Mellitus and pregnancy Flashcards
What is diabetes mellitus?
disorder where the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate the bodies glucose levels
What is the primary problem of diabetes mellitus?
Balancing of the insulin and glucose levels
What occurs in hyperglycemia?
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagla
What is polydipsia
extreme thirst
What is polyuria
frequent urination
what is Polyphagla?
hunger
What is hyperglycemia??
high blood glucose level
What is hypoglycemia?
low blood glucose level
What occurs during hypoglycemia?
shaking
sweating
irritable
headache
What are the classifications of diabetes DM?
type 1
type 2
gestational diabetes
What is type 1 diabetes?
absolute insulin deficiency due to an autoimmune process
What is type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance or deficiency
List the risk factors of type 1 diabetes
none
List the risk factors of type 2 diabetes
family history
sedentary lifestyle
Overweight
diet having too much fat and sugar
What is gestational diabetes mellitus?
glucose intolerance during pregnancy
What is pregestational diabetes?
Alteration in carbohydrate metabolism identified before conception
Complications for mothers with gestational diabetes
preterm labor stillbirth uti spontaneous miscarriage Postpartum hemorrhage
Complications for fetus with gestational diabetes
Cord prolapse cardiac problems caudal regression syndrome Macrosomia Neonatal hypoglycemia
How can you prevent DM?
control weight
ecercise
dont smoke
Diagnostic tests for diabetes?
fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dl
Nonfasting plasma glucose >200 mg/dl
75g oral glucose challenge test
What is the normal values in the normal glucose Challenge test for fasting?
95
What is the normal values in the normal glucose Challenge test for 1 hour?
180
What is the normal values in the normal glucose Challenge test for 2 hours?
155
What is the normal values in the normal glucose Challenge test for 3 hours?
140
What should the treatments in DM include?
nutritional management
insulin regimens
close maternal and fetal surveillance
What should you do as a nurse during nutritional management?
focus maintaining balanced glucose levels and provide energy and nurtients for the mother
What should you do as a nurse during insulin regimens?
frequent blood glucose measurements
avoidance of oral hypoglycenmic agents
give insulin pump
