Diabetes & insulin types Flashcards
Hypoglycemia vs hyperglycemia
the following flashcards are going to be about diabetes
hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
with the inclusion of insulin types
what is diabetes type 1?
what is diabetes type 2?
type 1 - nearly absolute deficiency of insulin
type 2 - insulin resistance
what is dawn phenomenon?
what is somogi phenomenon?’
what’s the treatment for each
waking up hyperglycemia
- increase insulin at night or decrease food at night
waking up hypoglycemia
- have a midnight snack or decrease dosage
we administer insulin through sub q usually in the abdomen, two inches below the umbilicus to the side, but we can have insulin lipodystrophy if we keep doing it at the same site, so we tell patients to?
rotate site injection
what is normal glucose range for an adult?
70-99
what is hypoglycemia?
glucose below 70
how can hypoglycemia be caused by?
too much insulin or too little food or excessive activity
what is the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
remember the anagram TIRED
tachycardia
irritable
restless
excessive hunger
dizzy
-cold/clammy
what is the treatment for hypoglycemia?
administering of sugar
- like 1 tablespoon of honey
- 1/2 soft diet
- 6-10 life saver
followed by carbohydrate for faster absorption
- 6 saltine crackers
- 3 gram crackers
recheck blood glucose ever 15minutes
extreme levels of hypoglycemia, what do we give?
glucogon and 10% dextrose iv
what is hypeglycmiea?
high blood sugar
- above 100
what is the signs and symptoms fo hyperglycemia?
remember the anagram “HOT AND DRY, SUGAR HIGH! “
polydispiea
polyuria
polyphagic
heat intolerance
dry
blurred vision
delayed wound healing
treatment for hypergluycmiea?
insulin !
what are the types of insulin we are going to need to understand. (3)
rapid
intermediate
slow or long acting
what are the 3 rapid medications for insulin?
lispro (Humalog)
glulisine ( apirdra )
aspart ( novorapid )
what are the intermediate acting medications?
NPH ( humulin-N- novolin)
what are the 2 slow or long acting medications?
glargine ( Lantus )
detemir ( levemir )
what is the only medication can give through iv thats insulin ?
regular insulin
additional information
rapid
onset - 10-15minutes
peak 1-2 hours
duration 3-5 hours
intermediate
onset - 1-3 hours
peak 5-8hours
duration to 18 hours
slow or long acting
onset - 90minutes
peak - one
duration up to 24 hours
what is the normal a1c scale for a patient ?
what is prediabetic?
what is diabetic?
less than 5.9%
5.9-6.9
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