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Pharmacology 2 > Diabetes Insipidus > Flashcards

Diabetes Insipidus Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 5 steps seen in the stimulation of the secretion of ADH (vasopressin)?

A
  • Volume contraction causes increased ECF osmolality.
  • Increased ECF osmolality stimulates the osmoreceptors (in the hypothalamus).
  • Stimulation of the osmoreceptors stimulates ADH secretion.
  • Hypotension stimulates volume receptors.
  • Stimulation of volume receptors stimulates ADH secretion.
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1
Q

What is ADH also known as?

A

Vasopressin

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2
Q

ADH stimulates reabsorption of water where in the kidneys?

What does this result in?

A
  • Distal tubules and collecting ducts

- Increased water in ECF and decreased ECF osmolality

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3
Q

What does increased ECF osmolality stimulate?

A

The thirst center to increase water uptake.

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4
Q

How does increased water uptake affect the ECF?

A

Increases water in ECF and decreases ECF osmolality.

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5
Q

What is natural ADH (pitressin) used for?

How is it administered?

A
  • Diagnosis of DI

- IM or IV over 1 hour in lactated Ringers or 5% dextrose

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of Diabetes Insipidus?

A
  • Central diabetes insipidus (CDI)

- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI)

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7
Q

What Is central diabetes insipidus caused by?

A

ADH deficiency

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8
Q

What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by?

A

Impaired responsiveness of the kidney to ADH.

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9
Q

What are 2 clinical signs associated with diabetes insipidus?

A
  • Polyuria

- Polydipsia

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10
Q

What are 3 possible drug choices for the treatment of diabetes insipidus?

A
  • Desmopressin (DDAVP)
  • Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiaizde, chlorothiazide)
  • Chlorpropamide
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11
Q

Which drug is the best choice for treatment of central diabetes insipidus?

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

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12
Q

Which drug is a synthetic analog of ADH?

A

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

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13
Q

How does Desmopressin compare to natural ADH?

A

Desmopressin is more potent and has a longer half-life.

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14
Q

What is the half-life of Desmopressin?

A

10-27 hours

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15
Q

What is the half-life of natural ADH?

A

20 minutes

16
Q

Does Desmopressin have vasoconstrictor action?

A

Minimal

17
Q

Is Desmopressin more selective on V1 or V2?

A

V2

18
Q

What are 4 routes of administration for Desmopressin?

A
  • SC
  • IM
  • IV
  • Nasal drops instilled into the conjunctival sac
19
Q

What is the drug of choice for CDI in dogs and cats?

A

Desmopressin

20
Q

Which drug is an oral hypoglycemic sulfonylurea drug?

A

Chlorpropamide

21
Q

What does Chlorpropamide require in order to be able to act?

A

The presence of some endogenous ADH.

22
Q

Which drug is not very effective for the treatment of CDI in dogs and cats?

A

Chlorpropamide

23
Q

What can be useful in both CDI and NDI?

A

Restricted sodium chloride intake.

24
Q

What is the drug of choice for NDI?

A

Thiazide diuretic

Pharmacology 2 (10 decks)

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