Diabetes and thyroidism

Question 1

Sensitise body to insulin drugs

Answer 1

Metformin
Thiazolidinediones

Question 2

Glucose secretion through kidney drug

Answer 2

SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 3

Stimulate pancreas to release insulin

Answer 3

Sulphonylureas
Meglitinides
GLP1 agonists
DPP4 inhibitors

Question 4

Stimulate pancreas to release insulin

Answer 4

Sulphonylureas
Meglitinides
GLP1 agonists
DPP4 inhibitors

Question 5

Metformin cautions

Answer 5

Biguanide
Increased weekly by 500mg
Taken with food
Renal impairment
Diarrhoea

Question 6

Metformin advantages

Answer 6

Reduced HbA1c by 1-2%
No weight gain
No hypoglycaemia
Beneficial effects on lipid profile
Not expensive

Question 7

Sulphonylureas

Answer 7

Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glimeprimide, Glipizide

Question 8

Sulphonylureas advantages

Answer 8

Good evidence base
Not expensive
Fast acting

Question 9

Sulphonylureas disadvantages

Answer 9

Weight gain
Risk of hypoglycaemia

Question 10

Pioglitazone advantages

Answer 10

Decreases HbA1c b y 1%
Useful in renal failure
Low risk hypoglycaemia

Question 11

Pioglitazone disadvantages

Answer 11

Contradicted in patients with
-Heart failure, fractures, haematuria

Weight gain
Sodium retention

Question 12

DPP4 inhibitors

Answer 12

Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin

Question 13

DPP4 inhibitors advantages

Answer 13

Decreases HbA1c by 0.7%
No weight gain
Low risk of hypoglycaemia

Question 14

DPP4 inhibitors disadvantages

Answer 14

Not very effective

Question 15

SGL2 inhibitors

Answer 15

Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin

Question 16

SGLT2 advantages

Answer 16

Decreases HbA1c 5mmol/mol
Weight loss
BP reduction
No hypoglycaemia

Question 17

SGLT2 disadvantages

Answer 17

Takes time to work
Polyuria
Genital infections
Not given to >85 yrs old
Not given if eGFR <45

Question 18

Meglitinides

Answer 18

Repaglinide, Nateglinide

Question 19

Meglitinides advantages

Answer 19

Used in mono or combined therapy

Question 20

Meglitinides disadvantages

Answer 20

Weight gain
Increased risk of hypoglycaemic
Expensive

Question 21

GLP1 agonists

Answer 21

Albiglutide, Dulaglutide, Exantide, Exentide, Liraglutide, Lixisenatide

Question 22

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 22

Blood glucose <4mmol/
Sweaty, hungry, cold, tingling lips, lose consciousness

Question 23

Hypothyroidism

Answer 23

Levothyroxine
Liothyronine

Question 24

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

Carbimazole, propylthiouracil

Question 24

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

Carbimazole, propylthiouracil