Diabetes

Question 1

22. Agents used in the management of diabetes:
    a. metformin increases insulin secretion

Answer 1

a. False. Metformin increase insulin sensitivity

Question 2

b. insulin glargine has a faster onset of action than insulin aspart

Answer 2

b. False. Insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting insulin. Insulin glargine and detemir are long acting

Question 3

c. rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer

Answer 3

c. True. Thiazolidinediones such as Rosiglitazone (withdrawn) and Pioglitazone are insulin sensitizers

Question 4

d. repeated insulin injections at the same site causes abnormal fat distribution

Answer 4

d. True

Question 5

e. orally ingested alcohol potentiates the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin

Answer 5

e. True. Alcohol, Salicylates β adrenoceptor antagonists potentiate hypoglycaemic effects

Question 6

23. In the treatment of diabetes:
    a. insulin increases glucose uptake by tissue cells

Answer 6

a. True, ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids

Question 7

b. gliclazide inhibits the release of endogenous insulin

Answer 7

and ketones

b. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues and therefore, stimulate insulin release

Question 8

c. metformin is prescribed when no endogenous insulin is present in the patient

Answer 8

c. False. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity

Question 9

d. metformin increases the lactic acidosis

Answer 9

d. True

Question 10

e. insulin is administered orally

Answer 10

e. False. IM

Question 11

a. in the treatment of ketoacidosis, soluble insulin is administered intravenously

Answer 11

a. True.

Question 12

b. insulin aspart has a more rapid onset of action than insulin glargine

Answer 12

b. True. Insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting insulin. Insulin glargine and detemir are long acting

Question 13

c. insulin aspart is safe to use during breastfeeding

Answer 13

c. True, not secreted in breast milk

Question 14

d. insulin decreases lipogenesis

Answer 14

d. False, increase lipogenesis (get fat) decrease lipolysis

Question 15

e. carvedilol masks the symptoms of hypoglycaemia

Answer 15

e. True.

Question 16

Oral hypoglycaemic agents

a. sitagliptin is an inducer of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)

Answer 16

a. False. Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin. Inhibit DPP-IV, (enzyme that breaks down glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Thereby, extending action of insulin while suppressing release of glucagon

Question 17

b. glibenclamide has a longer duration of action than gliclazide

Answer 17

b. True. Glipizide Gliclazide are short acting and Glibenclamide and Glimepiride are long acting

Question 18

c. rosiglitazone is an α-glucosidase inhibitor

Answer 18

c. False. α-glucosidase inhibitor – Acarbose

Question 19

d. gliclazide is more likely to cause lactic acidosis than metformin

Answer 19

d. False. Lactic acidosis is a CI for metformin

Question 20

e. gliclazide is safe to use in combination with metformin

Answer 20

e. True.

Question 21

In the treatment of diabetes:

a. insulin aspart has a shorter duration of action than insulin isophane

Answer 21

a. True, insulin aspart is ultra-short acting

Question 22

b. insulin inhibits uptake of glucose into cells

Answer 22

b. False, insulin promotes the uptake

Question 23

c. insulin is contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 23

c. False

Question 24

d. insulin is preferred to oral glibenclamide following major surgery

Answer 24

d. False

Question 25

e. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same site causes lipodystrophy

Answer 25

e. True

Question 26

Oral hypoglycaemic agents | a. metformin increases the risk of lactic acidosis in geriatric patients

Answer 26

a. True

Question 27

b. metformin increases the uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle

Answer 27

b. True

Question 28

c. gliclazide inhibits release of endogenous insulin

Answer 28

c. False. It increases insulin sensitivity

Question 29

d. rosiglitazone reduces cellular insulin resistance

Answer 29

d. True. Its an insulin sensitizer

Question 30

e. glibenclamide causes an increase in plasma glucose levels

Answer 30

e. False. Glibenclamide is an insulin secretagogue