Diabetes Flashcards
- Agents used in the management of diabetes:
a. metformin increases insulin secretion
a. False. Metformin increase insulin sensitivity
b. insulin glargine has a faster onset of action than insulin aspart
b. False. Insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting insulin. Insulin glargine and detemir are long acting
c. rosiglitazone is an insulin sensitizer
c. True. Thiazolidinediones such as Rosiglitazone (withdrawn) and Pioglitazone are insulin sensitizers
d. repeated insulin injections at the same site causes abnormal fat distribution
d. True
e. orally ingested alcohol potentiates the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin
e. True. Alcohol, Salicylates β adrenoceptor antagonists potentiate hypoglycaemic effects
- In the treatment of diabetes:
a. insulin increases glucose uptake by tissue cells
a. True, ↓ blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids
b. gliclazide inhibits the release of endogenous insulin
and ketones
b. False, Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides are insulin secretagogues and therefore, stimulate insulin release
c. metformin is prescribed when no endogenous insulin is present in the patient
c. False. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity
d. metformin increases the lactic acidosis
d. True
e. insulin is administered orally
e. False. IM
a. in the treatment of ketoacidosis, soluble insulin is administered intravenously
a. True.
b. insulin aspart has a more rapid onset of action than insulin glargine
b. True. Insulin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine are ultra-fast acting insulin. Insulin glargine and detemir are long acting
c. insulin aspart is safe to use during breastfeeding
c. True, not secreted in breast milk
d. insulin decreases lipogenesis
d. False, increase lipogenesis (get fat) decrease lipolysis
e. carvedilol masks the symptoms of hypoglycaemia
e. True.
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
a. sitagliptin is an inducer of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)
a. False. Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin. Inhibit DPP-IV, (enzyme that breaks down glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Thereby, extending action of insulin while suppressing release of glucagon
b. glibenclamide has a longer duration of action than gliclazide
b. True. Glipizide Gliclazide are short acting and Glibenclamide and Glimepiride are long acting
c. rosiglitazone is an α-glucosidase inhibitor
c. False. α-glucosidase inhibitor – Acarbose
d. gliclazide is more likely to cause lactic acidosis than metformin
d. False. Lactic acidosis is a CI for metformin
e. gliclazide is safe to use in combination with metformin
e. True.
In the treatment of diabetes:
a. insulin aspart has a shorter duration of action than insulin isophane
a. True, insulin aspart is ultra-short acting
b. insulin inhibits uptake of glucose into cells
b. False, insulin promotes the uptake
c. insulin is contraindicated in pregnancy
c. False
d. insulin is preferred to oral glibenclamide following major surgery
d. False
e. repeated subcutaneous use of insulin at the same site causes lipodystrophy
e. True
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
a. metformin increases the risk of lactic acidosis in geriatric patients
a. True
b. metformin increases the uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle
b. True
c. gliclazide inhibits release of endogenous insulin
c. False. It increases insulin sensitivity
d. rosiglitazone reduces cellular insulin resistance
d. True. Its an insulin sensitizer
e. glibenclamide causes an increase in plasma glucose levels
e. False. Glibenclamide is an insulin secretagogue
