Diabetes Flashcards
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention categories for diabetes
(P) Prediabetes, (S)Type 2, (T) complications & disability
criteria for diagnosing diabetes
FPG >126 OR
2-h plasma glucose >200 during oral glucose tolerance test OR
A1C>6.5% OR
diabetic symptoms + random plasma glucose >200
FPG needs to be what in order to diagnose diabetes?
> 126
2-h plasma glucose needs to be what during oral glucose tolerance test of 75g to diagnose diabetes?
> 200
when do you screen for diabetes?
BMI >25 with one other factor: 1st degree relative with diabetes High-risk race Hx CVD HTN HDL cholesterol <35 Triglycerides >250 PCOS physical inactivity A1C 5.7% gestational diabetes >45 yr
Microvascular disease effects?
eyes, kidneys, nerves
Macrovascular disease effects?
ischaemic heart disease, Strokes, peripheral vascular disease
smoking, dyslipidaemia, coagulopathy all effect micro or macrovascular disease?
macrovascular
ADA Diabetic Risk test takes what into consideration?
Age, sex, gestational diabetes, family Hx, HTN, physical inactivity, weight
A1C prediabetic
5.7-6.4%
2-h plasma glucose needs to be what during oral glucose tolerance test of 75g to diagnose prediabetes?
140-199
FPG needs to be what to diagnose prediabetes?
100-125
what medication is used to prevent type 2 diabetes?
metformin
long term use of metformin can cause what kind of deficiency
B12
how often should patients with mental illness be screened for diabetes?
annually
4 critical times to evaluate for DSME
at initial diagnosis
annually
when new complications arise
when transitions in care occur
diabetics should limit sodium to how many mg a day?
2300mg/day
why is drinking alcohol bad for diabetics?
it can cause hypoglycemia
how often should we be testing A1C in patients who are meeting treatment goals?
at least 2 times a year
A1C goal for nonpregnant adults with diabetes
<7%
plasma glucose goal for diabetics
80-130
peak postprandial capillary plasma glucose goal for diabetics
<180
preferred treatment for the conscious individual with BS <70?
glucose 15-20g or any carb
level 1 hypoglycemia
<70
level 2 hypoglycemia
<54
what should be given if patient is at increased risk for level 2 hypoglycemia (<54)
glucagon
Early introduction to insulin as form of treatment for diabetic occurs when??
ongoing catabolism (weight loss), or symptoms of hyperglycemia are present, or BS levels are >300, or Al1 >10%
when do you add dual therapy for newly diagnosed diabetes?
A1C >1.5 above their target
what kinds of patients do you do a urinary microalbumin on?
all type 2, type 1 and HTN
