Diabetes Flashcards
normal blood glucose
70-110
diagnostic for fasting blood glucose
they have fasting blood glucose greater than 126mg/dl would be a diagnosis of diabetes
diagnostic for random blood sugar
greater than 200 + pt with symptoms of diabetes would be a diagnosis of diabetes
oral glucose tolerance test
most sensitive ,tey drink 75g of oral glucose and a result after 2 hrs of 200mg or higher is diagnostic of diabetes
what is Glycosylated Hemoglobin (also called hemoglobin A1C)
looks at a blood glucose level over the last 3 months (the lifespan of a RBC)
-measures the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with glucose
what do we want someones A1C to be
less than 7%
when the persons beta cells can no longer produce any insulin, the onset of symptoms will be rapid. Which of the following would be expected symptoms
a)weight gain
b)weight loss
c)excess thirst
d)anorexia
e) oliguria
f) fatigue
g) insomnia
h) sweaty skin
i) dry mucus membranes
weight loss, excess thirst, fatigue, dry mucus membranes
beta cells secrete
insulin
alpha cells secrete
glucagon
is type 2 diabetes a progressive disorder?
yes
why is polyuria a symptoms of DM
the glucose is pulling water (osmotic diuresis)
why would they be dehydrated (dry mucus membranes, thirsty)
thirsty = polydipsia
because all the water is getting pulled out of the cells by osmotic diuresis
why polyphagia
cells are starving (it means eating excessive food)
alcohol and diabetes
alcohol inhibits liver glucose production which impairs glycogen breakdown, teach them to eat a meal high in carbs prior to ingesting alcohol
a big difference between hypo and hyper
sweatiness, shaky, confusion – hypoglycemia
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrom (HHS)
complication of Type 2 DM
pt has: severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality of the serum (>320 mOsm/kg), severe dehydration, no ketosis
type 2 diabetics have enough circulating insulin to prevent DKA
HHS management
1st give them fluids !
then IV regular insulin
then once the blood glucose reaches 250, give D50
what does insulin do to potassium
moves it from the bloodstream to the cell
what was the potassium level be for the patient
low and it will further decrease during insulin administration
large vessels
stroke, hypertension, heart attack,, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular
micro
retino, nephropathy, neuropathy
foot care for the diabetic patient
foot injury is the most common complication of diabetes leading to hospitalization
reasons are sensory neuropathy (loss of pain, pressure and temp), and impaired blood flow to the foot (leads to ischemia)
nursing care: avoid hot water, look at their feet everyday,dont walk barefoot,
what drug do we give people if there is albumin in the urine
ACEi and ARBS
