Diabetes

Question 1

normal blood glucose

Answer 1

70-110

Question 2

diagnostic for fasting blood glucose

Answer 2

they have fasting blood glucose greater than 126mg/dl would be a diagnosis of diabetes

Question 3

diagnostic for random blood sugar

Answer 3

greater than 200 + pt with symptoms of diabetes would be a diagnosis of diabetes

Question 4

oral glucose tolerance test

Answer 4

most sensitive ,tey drink 75g of oral glucose and a result after 2 hrs of 200mg or higher is diagnostic of diabetes

Question 5

what is Glycosylated Hemoglobin (also called hemoglobin A1C)

Answer 5

looks at a blood glucose level over the last 3 months (the lifespan of a RBC)
-measures the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with glucose

Question 6

what do we want someones A1C to be

Answer 6

less than 7%

Question 7

when the persons beta cells can no longer produce any insulin, the onset of symptoms will be rapid. Which of the following would be expected symptoms
a)weight gain
b)weight loss
c)excess thirst
d)anorexia
e) oliguria
f) fatigue
g) insomnia
h) sweaty skin
i) dry mucus membranes

Answer 7

weight loss, excess thirst, fatigue, dry mucus membranes

Question 8

beta cells secrete

Answer 8

insulin

Question 9

alpha cells secrete

Answer 9

glucagon

Question 10

is type 2 diabetes a progressive disorder?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

why is polyuria a symptoms of DM

Answer 11

the glucose is pulling water (osmotic diuresis)

Question 12

why would they be dehydrated (dry mucus membranes, thirsty)
thirsty = polydipsia

Answer 12

because all the water is getting pulled out of the cells by osmotic diuresis

Question 13

why polyphagia

Answer 13

cells are starving (it means eating excessive food)

Question 14

alcohol and diabetes

Answer 14

alcohol inhibits liver glucose production which impairs glycogen breakdown, teach them to eat a meal high in carbs prior to ingesting alcohol

Question 15

a big difference between hypo and hyper

Answer 15

sweatiness, shaky, confusion – hypoglycemia

Question 16

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrom (HHS)

Answer 16

complication of Type 2 DM
pt has: severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality of the serum (>320 mOsm/kg), severe dehydration, no ketosis

type 2 diabetics have enough circulating insulin to prevent DKA

Question 17

HHS management

Answer 17

1st give them fluids !
then IV regular insulin
then once the blood glucose reaches 250, give D50

Question 18

what does insulin do to potassium

Answer 18

moves it from the bloodstream to the cell

Question 19

what was the potassium level be for the patient

Answer 19

low and it will further decrease during insulin administration

Question 20

large vessels

Answer 20

stroke, hypertension, heart attack,, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular

Question 21

micro

Answer 21

retino, nephropathy, neuropathy

Question 22

foot care for the diabetic patient

Answer 22

foot injury is the most common complication of diabetes leading to hospitalization

reasons are sensory neuropathy (loss of pain, pressure and temp), and impaired blood flow to the foot (leads to ischemia)

nursing care: avoid hot water, look at their feet everyday,dont walk barefoot,

Question 23

what drug do we give people if there is albumin in the urine

Answer 23

ACEi and ARBS