Diabetes

Question 1

Define Diabetes

Answer 1

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder. It is the absence, deficit or resistance to insulin leading to hyperglycaemia.

Question 2

What are the types and what are they linked to?

Answer 2

Type 1 - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus linked to infection and autoimmune disease
Type 2 - Non-insulin dependent mellitus linked to obesity, age and ethnicity

Question 3

what are the risk factors for each type?

Answer 3

Type 1 - family Hx and viral infection

Type 2 - obesity, hypertension, poor lifestyle and diet

Question 4

What are the 3 types of cells in the islet of Langerhans and what do they secrete?

Answer 4

Alpha Cells secrete glycogen
Beta Cells secrete insulin
Delta Cells secrete somatatosin and gastrin

Question 5

What is the pathology of Type 1?

Answer 5

IDDM is due to the Beta Cell destruction predominantly by autoimmune process but can be viral in origin. there is a severe defiency or absence of insulin due to the bodys autoimmune system destroying the beta cells..

Question 6

What is the pathology of Type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

NIDDM is when there is either an insufficient amount of insulin or insulin resistance where insulin is produced but does not work properly.

Some beta cells just don’t produce enough insulin. another cause is when the insulin receptors on the cell surface may become dysfunctional due to too much body fat therefore, cells can not gain the glucose they require