Diabet Flashcards

1
Q

Ce este Diabetul zaharat?

A

Diabetul zaharat este un grup heterogen de afectiuni avand la baza deficitul relativ sau absolut de insulina, cu modificari semnificative in metabolismul glucidelor, lipidelor si proteinelor.

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2
Q

Care sunt tipuri de Diabet

A
  1. Diabet zaharat tip 1
  2. Diabet zaharat tip 2
  3. Diabet zaharat gestational
  4. Tipuri specifice de diabet datorat altor cauze (diabet secundar)
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3
Q

Ce este Prediabetul?

A

Prediabetul este o tulburare a metabolismului glucidic caracterizată prin glicemii mai mari față de normal, dar mai mici față de pragul de diagnostic al DZ.
(DZ Gestational in timpull sarcinii)

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4
Q

Care sunt testele care necesita repetarea/combinarea pentru a pune dgn de DZ?

A
  1. Glicemie a jeun >126mg/dl = + DZ
  2. Glicemie la 2 ore in TTGO >200mg/dl = + DZ
  3. Hb glicozilata > 6.5 % = + DZ
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5
Q

Simptome clasice sunt? DZ tip 1

A
  1. Poliurie
  2. Polidipsie
  3. Polifagie
  4. Scadere ponderala
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6
Q

DZ gestational inseamna?

A

Orice femeia sarcinata, fara Dgn anterior de DZ.
Cu valorii cuprinse intre (O singura valoare e suficient)
1. A jeun 92-125mg/dl
2. TTGO la o ora >180mg/dl
3. TTGO la 2 ore 153-199mg/dl

(< nu e Dz gestational, > Dz clasic)

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7
Q

Care este cauza principala a prevalentei de DZ?

A

Obezitatea

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8
Q

Ce roluri are Pancreasul?

A
  1. Exocrin: Amilaza,Lipaza, chimiotripsina, carboxipeptidaza
  2. Endocrin: Insule Langerhans (1% din pancreasul)
    a. Cel Beta => Insulina, Peptidul C, Proinsulina, Amilina
    b. Cel Alfa => Glucagon, Proglucagon, GLP1
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9
Q

Ce se secreta echimolar cu Insulina & din ce celule? Care se mai foloseste in practica medicala pt a evalua secretia pancreatica la pacient aflat cu tratament de insulina

A

Peptidul C & celulele Beta

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10
Q

Ce este efectul incretinic?

A

Se refera la secretia pancreatica crescuta de insulina in conditiile administrarii orale a glucozei comparativ cu cea intravenoasa.

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11
Q

Care este motivul pt efectul incretinic?

A

Motivul este eliberarea din tubul digestiv a unor hormoni incretinici: glucose dependent inhibitory polipeptide (GIP) si glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1). Atat GLP1 cat si GIP stimuleaza secretia de insulina doar in prezenta glucozei.

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12
Q

GLP1 & GIP sunt considerate potentiatori sau initiatori?

A

Potentiatori

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13
Q

Ce functie au receptorilor GLP1?

A

Inhiba secretiei de Glucagon (Hormon hiperglicemiant)
Inhiba golirea gastrica (Abs glucoz intrz)
Inhiba apetitul

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