DI Terms Flashcards
Carbohydrates
-Polysaccharides: starch and glycogen
-disaccharides: glucose and lactose
proteins
polypeptides (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin)
triglycerides
glycerol bound to 3 fatty acids
Ingestion
entry to GI tract
motility
movement for mixing/propulsion
secretion
contributions of water, enzymes, and environmental factors
digestion
breakdown using mechanical and chemical
absorption
entry to body
defecation
exit to gi tract
anatomical components of digestion
GI tract and accessory organs/structures
Mechanoreceptors
detect distention from food entering
osmoreceptors
detect osmotic pressure changing from different food particles entering (these can be called solutes)
chemoreceptors
detect specific nutrient concentrations and acidity
smooth muscle contraction
circular and longitudinal muscle layers
epithelial cells
inner lyaer of gi tract facing lumen
enteroendocrine cells
hormonal secretions
exocrine cells
enzyme and environmental factor secretions
muscous cells
mucus secretions
enteric
autonomic motor, gi tract local neural control, more neurons than spinal cord
enteric nerve plexuses
myenteric and submucosal
connections for communication (enteric nerve plexuses)
-within plexus and between plexuses
-receptors to plexuses/CNS to plexuses
myenteric response
especially to circular/longitudinal muscles
submucosal
especially to epithelial cells
enteroendocrine cells (more)
-one cell surface faces gi tract lumen, encounters stimuli
-stimulation leads to opposite cell surface from gi tract lumen releasing hormone into bloodstream