DFO Extras Flashcards
__________located in periphery of body connected to ____________
Primary sensory neuron terminates in ____________ and synapses with the ___________________ in the dorsal horn of the gray matter.
The secondary sensory neuron ascends the spinal cord in_______________ and terminates in the___________
Here it synapses with the__________________ which travels to and terminated in the ____________________.
Receptors Primary Sensory Neuron Spinal cord Secondary sensory neuron White tracts Thalamus Tertiary Sensory Neuron Primary Somatosensory Cortex
What are three parts of the motor cortex and describe how they work together to produce a motor signal that will cause movement?
Prefrontal cortex - anticipates consequences of actions and decides upon movements
Premotor cortex - produces sequences of movement appropriate to the task
Primary motor cortex - initiates movements by sending action potentials along neurons to skeletal movements
The cerebellum acts with the ____ to produce skilled movement.
Cerebrum
How does Parkinson’s disease affect communication between the basal ganglia and the motor cortex and what affect does this have on motor movement?
Dopmaine assists basal ganglia in telling motor cortex which muscle groups to recruit to carry out desired movements. Parkinson’s causes lack of dopamine so basal ganglia cannot communicate so efficiently. Therefore, desired movements are carried out much more slowly or not at all.
A person steps on a nail with their right foot and cries in pain. Explain why the person feels pain by describing the components of the neuronal pain pathway, including the anatomical names of the structures/parts in the body through which the pain signal passes or synapses.
Nociceptiors located in periphery of body connected to primary sensory neuron detect nail.
Primary sensory neuron terminates in spinal cord and synapses with the secondary sensory neuron in the dorsal horn of the gray matter.
The secondary sensory neuron ascends the spinal cord in the spinothalamic tract and terminates in the thalamus
Here it synapses with the tertiary sensory neuron which travels to and terminated in the thalamus and limbic system, giving the sensation of pain from the nail and the emotional reaction to it.
Describe the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.
Progressive degenerative brain disorder that develops in mid-to-late adulthood. It results in a progressive and irreversible decline in memory and a deterioration of various other cognitive abilities. The disease is characterized by the destruction of nerve cells and neural connections in the cerebral cortex of the brain and by a significant loss of brain mass.
Define the key area of adaptive behaviors.
Collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives, include conceptual, practical, and social skills.
Parents of children with autism are usually the first to notice symptoms in their child or baby. Name three symptoms parents might notice that will indicate that their child has autism.
Rare imitation of social cues Delay in baby talk Poor eye contact Repetitive behaviours Stiffness when held
Identify three symptoms of fibromyalgia
Insomnia Headache Irritable bowel syndrome Cognitive and memory problems Numbness and tingling of hands and feet
Whilst on fieldwork placement you are introduced to two patients both with spinal cord lesions following car accidents, explain what a spinal cord lesion is.
An abnormal change (e.g. severance or partial severance) which occurs to the tissue of the spine, which can be caused by a spinal cord injury, accidents, or serious infection
Briefly describe the complications associated with the skin which may affect the course and prognosis for a person with a spinal cord injury
Decubitus ulcers (pressure injuries/sores) - due to not being able to move independently, these may develop due to high pressure over long periods of time Frostbite or burns, due to not being able to feel temperature
What information is carried by the spinal nerves (give a specific example)
Temperature sensations, e.g. touching a hot stove will deliver sensory information regarding burning your hand
Describe what is meant by a reflex arc
An impulse enters the spinal cord through the
dorsal nerve root, synapses, and exits by the
ventral nerve root which results in certain
muscle function. An example of this is if the
knee is tapped by a reflex hammer, the knee
will extend without any influence from the
brain.
Describe how CNS pathways have been affected by a spinal cord injury. Comparing complete vs incomplete injuries
A complete SCI occurs with a complete
transaction of the cord. No motor or sensory information is transmitted.
An incomplete SCI occurs when the injury
doesn’t cause a total transaction, there will be some
degree of voluntary movement or sensation below
the level of injury.
Describe three risk factors for stroke that Jim could have influenced by changing lifestyle factors.
Stress, obesity, and smoking
