Deviant youth sociologists

Question 1

Venketesh

Answer 1

Study of 1 day as a gang leader for a day . Idea of hierarchy in gangs

Question 2

Merton

Answer 2

Strain theory :
- Strain between what people want and what they can achieve .
- Leads to deviant acts such as innovation , ritualism or retreatism.

Question 3

Cohen (1995)

Answer 3

Status frustration :
- Teenage boys desire status.
- Working class boys are aware of mainstream values but do not follow it.
- Inferior compared to the middle class boys creates status frustration.

Question 4

Cloward and Ohlin (1961)

Answer 4

• Deviance is unable to achieve valued goals through legitimate means.
  Types of deviant subcultures :
  1) criminal ~ develops in a hierarchy in slum areas
  2) conflict ~ no hierarchies
  3) retreatist ~ youths who fail to succeed in legitimate or illegitimate means so move to petty crimes .

Question 5

Shaw and Mckay

Answer 5

Deprived areas results in higher rates of crime

Question 6

Jackson

Answer 6

Laddettes - subverted from female stereotypes. Performed delinquent acts and often acted like males.

Question 7

Mac and Ghail (1994)

Answer 7

“The macho lads” and the 3 F’s ( football , fighting and f***ing)
- extreme forms of macho behaviour
- perhaps a form of resistance to a perceived threat to masculine identity

Question 8

Fauldi (1999)

Answer 8

Crisis of masculinity makes people join gangs

Question 9

Harding (2014)

Answer 9

Girls in a gang use their social skills to carve out a role.
- Never become leaders , but can become “fixers” (hide drugs and weapons) for the men who are the leaders .

Question 10

Willis’ 1997 study

Answer 10

Study of 12 Working class boys in birmingham
- Spent most of their time in school having a “laff” and bullying the “ear’oles”
- Didn’t try in school because they knew they would get labour jobs in a factory

Question 11

Mac and Ghail

Answer 11

“Fluid” groups with different responses to school .
- “ Macholads” ~ anti school , act tough.
- “ Ordinary lads” ~ not academic
- “ Academic achievers “ ~ pro education

Question 12

Reay

Answer 12

Likelihood of failure leads to the working class to resist schools.

Question 13

Mac and Ghail

Answer 13

3 Types of anti school subcultures resulted due to racism :
•Rasta heads - (black males) open confrontation with teachers
• The warriors - (asian males) Largely unnoticed by teachers compared to rasta heads but were still anti school.
• The black sisters - pro-education but talked back to teachers and were anti school .

Question 14

Sewell (2003)

Answer 14

Black males and the culture of being anti education .
Leads to antischools being developed

Question 15

Bourgois

Answer 15

Studied latino and african american drug dealers in NYC.
Growing poor in a rich city in which deviance becomes the norm

Question 16

Social Justices’ (2009)

Answer 16

Gang members reflect ethnicity.
Scotland - more likely to be white
Manchester and London - more likely to be black

Question 17

MacDonald and Marsh (2005)

Answer 17

Supports Willis’ study.
Did a study in Teesside :
working class rejected academic successes , believed teachers were not bothered about them.