Developmental psychology

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

heredity

influence of inherited characteristics on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, social interactions

Question 2

nurture

Answer 2

the influence of environment on those characteristics

parenting styles, physical surroundings, economic factors

Question 3

fertilisation, the zygote and twinning

Answer 3

egg (ovum) + sperm unite - fertilisation
results in a single cell with 46 chromosomes - zygote
the zygote then divides - mitosis
mass of cells eventually becomes a baby (or twins)

Question 4

Twins

Answer 4

monozygotic

dizygotic

Question 5

monozygotic twins

Answer 5

2 babies one zygote

identical

Question 6

dizygotic twins

Answer 6

2 babies 2 eggs

fraternal

Question 7

3 stages of development

Answer 7

germinal period
embryonic period
critical periods

Question 8

Germinal Period

Answer 8

when the zygote begins dividing it moves down to the uterus
the process takes about a week
the next week the mass of cells forms into a hollow ball and attaches to the uterus

Question 9

placenta

Answer 9

a specialised organ that provides nourishment and takes away waste from the baby

Question 10

umbilical cord

Answer 10

connects organism to the placenta

Question 11

The embryonic period

Answer 11

developing organism = embryo
firmly attached to uterus
2-8 weeks after conception
cells continue to specialise
end of 8 weeks cell = 2.5 cm long

Question 12

Critical periods

Answer 12

the baby becomes vulnerable to the diseases of the mother or drugs etc.
because of nourishment from placenta
environmental factors - often devastating

Question 13

Teratogens

Answer 13

pre-natal hazards
cocaine
alcohol
nicotine
caffeine
weed
measles mumps chicken pox

Question 14

the foetal period

Answer 14

period of tremendous growth
starts 8 weeks after conception
length of foetus grows about twenty times
organs become functional and the CNS becomes vulnerable
if baby is born at 22 weeks - 10% survival rate
26 weeks - 85% survival rate
most likely miscarriage time = 3 months