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Psychology > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-organic diseases

A

Pseudo-dementia:
Depression
Bereavement
Drugs

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
Malingering
Conversion disorder

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2
Q

Nervous system

A

Peripheral:
Somatic
Automatic

Automatic:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Contains all the neural structures that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Somatic

A

System of sensory and motor neurons that allow us to respond to our environment

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5
Q

Automatic

A

The system that senses the body’s internal organs and controls many glands and muscles

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6
Q

Sympathetic

A

Activation/arousal function

Fight or flight

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Slows down the body
Maintains state of internal equilibrium
Homeostasis
(A deliberately balanced or steady internal state)

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8
Q

Causes of brain injury

A 
Vascular
Tumour 
Degenerative disease 
Infectious disease 
Trauma
Epilepsy
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9
Q

Left Hemisphere

A 
controls right hand
spoken language
written language
mathematical calculations
logical thought processes
analysis of detail
reading
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10
Q

methods for studying regions of the brain

A

lesioning studies
brain stimulation
invasive techniques
non-invasive techniques

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11
Q

lesioning studies

A

studying animals/people with damage in certain parts of the brain
animals = deliberate damage
humans = already damaged

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12
Q

brain stimulation

A

disrupt/enhance normal brain function temporarily in order to study change in behaviour or cognition
electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

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13
Q

Electrical brain stimulation (ESB)

A

causes neurons to act as if they have received a message

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14
Q

invasive techniques

A

stimulates from the inside

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

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15
Q

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

A

neurosurgeons place electrodes in deep areas of the brain

route the electrode wires to a pacemaker-like device called an impulse generator implanted under the collarbone

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16
Q

Neuroimaging techniques

A

mapping the structure of the brain

17
Q

Computer Tomography

A 
CT
takes an x-ray of the brain
maps slices of the brain by computer
used when there is metal in the body
shows:
stroke damage
tumours
injuries
abnormal brain structure
skull fractures
18
Q

MRI (Definition)

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Shows a lot more detail than a computer tomography
Can even show tiny effects of a stroke

19
Q

How an MRI works

A

a person is placed in a machine that generates a powerful magnetic field to align hydrogen atom in the brain tissue
radio impulses are then used to make atoms spin at a particular frequency and direction
the time it takes for the atom to return to its original spin allows the computer to create a three-dimensiona;

20
Q

How an MRI works

A

a person is placed in a machine that generates a powerful magnetic field to align hydrogen atom in the brain tissue
radio impulses are then used to make atoms spin at a particular frequency and direction
the time it takes for the atom to return to its original spin allows the computer to create a three-dimensional image of the brain and display the slices of that image on the screen

21
Q

MRI spectroscopy

A

allows doctors to see the concentration of different chemicals + neurotransmitters in the brain

22
Q

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

A

measures connectivity in the brain by imaging white matter tracts

23
Q

EEG

A

The electroencephalogram
a fairly harmless way to study activity in the brain
records the activity in the cortex

24
Q

how an EEG works

A

involves placing small electrodes directly onto the scalp
also places a special solution onto the scalp that helps conduct the electrical signals from the cortex
the electrodes are connected to a computer and amplifier
the electrical output forms waves representing the different stages of the brain

25
Q

Event-Related Potentials

A

multiple presentations of a stimulus are measured with an EEG
these are then averaged out to remove variations in the ongoing brain activity
the result is the brain response to a certain stimulus

26
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography
a person is injected with radioactive glucose
the computer detects the activity of the brain cells by
looking at which cells are using up the radioactive glucose
this is then projected onto a monitor
the computer uses different colours to indicate different levels of brain activity

27
Q

Single Photon Emission CT

A

measures brain blood flow

uses more easily obtainable radioactive tracers than those used for the PET scan

28
Q

FMRI

A

functional MRI
computer tracks changes of oxygen levels in the blood
by superimposing the picture of where the oxygen in the brain over the picture of the brains structure, researchers can identify which parts are active

Psychology (8 decks)

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