Developmental problems Flashcards
what is the most common cause of motor impairment in chiuldren
cerebral palsy
when do developmental delays usually become apparent
2 years old
what is cerebral palsy
a permanent disorder of movement / posture due to non progressive abnormality in developing brain
When should hand preference develop
AFTER 1 year old
if before > feature of underlying hemiplegi
What are causes of cerebral palsy
80% antenatal
10% HIE (prenatal/natal)
10% postnatal
what are antenatal causes of cerebral palsy
CV haemorrhage /iuschaemia
cortical migration disorder
structural maldevelopment
what are postnatal causes of cerebral palsy
meningitis
encephalitis
encephalopathy
what are the 4 types of cerebral palsy
Spastic 90%
Dyskinetic 6%
Ataxic 4%
Other
Where is the damage in spastic CP?
upper motor neurone pathway
what does spastic CP present with
spasticity (increased limb tone)
brisk tendon reflexes
Extensor plantar response
What are the three types of spastic CP
unilateral hemiplegia
bilateral quadriplegia
bilateral diplegia
explain unilateral hemiplegia in spastic CP
arm> leg
face is spared
tip toe walk
explain bilateral quadriplegia in f spastic CP
all four limbs affected
trunk may also be involved (opisthotonos, poor head control, low central tone)
Explain bilateral diplegia
all 4 limbs affected
legs > arms
abnormal walking
what is bilateral diplegia associated with
periventricular leukomalacia
