Developmental Disorders Flashcards
ASD identified through what?
behavioral observation
patient report
review of hx
symptoms of ASD characterized by
symptoms evident before what age?
1) reciprocol social-comm
2) repetitive behaviors
3) restricted interest
- before age 3
etiology of ASD?
etiology unknown but likely both genetic + environment
highly heritable (identical twins 90% simil symptoms)
1) prevalence of ASD in children
2) majority what gender?
3) differences in cultures?
1) 1/110 children
2) male
3) no differences in culture
treatment of ASD
best way for substantial gains in functioning
medical treatments for assoc conditions being investigated
1) educ, behavioral, psychological
2) early intervention is best
3) sleeping and eating problems
medical definition of ASD
1) persistent deficit in social comm and interaction (not developmental delay)
- deficit in social-emotional recipr
- deficit in nonverbal comm behavior
- deficit in develop/maintain relationship
2) restricted, repetitive behavior
- stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movement
- XS routines
- fixated interests
- hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input
3) sx present in ealry childhood
4) sx limit and impair everyday functioning
sx for ASD must be present when?
in early childhood
sx must __
limit everyday functioning
only way to dx ASD
look at gaps or uneven development of social interaction, comm, restricted interests relative to overall development
what does “spectrum disorder mean”
ASD affects each person differently
- can share similar sx such as problem with social interaction but diff in when sx start, severity
when does ASD usu present and progress?
usu before age 3 –> last thru lifetime though varies
parents concern around 16-24 months b/c worried about lack of language devlopment
approx 30% of toddlers with ASD go thru
brief period at 2 y/o when can’t use words once had or not gain new words/com
other potential comorbid conditions with ASD
immune disorders
endocrine
neuro (seizures
GI diz
3 core areas of development central to ASD
1) impaired social reciprocity
2) lack of communicative competence
3) repetitive activities and restricted interests
3 core areas of development central to ASD
impaired social reciprocity
1) define
2) often better at interacting with …
3) may not present unitl
1) children aloof in own world
- persist to avoid social contact with unfamiliar people (not shy or fear)
- or not know how to maintain interactions
- or social style = one sided, awk, intrusive
2) better interact with aduts
3) may not appear until school entry
3 core areas of development central to ASD
lack of communicative competence
1) define
2) signs
1) lack of ability to send and receive messages in fluid/integrated manner
2) delayed/disordered speech poor pragmatic (socially approp) communication using nonverbals to comm (pairing gestures with sounds, inapprop voice tone or proximity)
child may appear highly verbal but can’t communicate in appropriate manner
in DSM 5, which 2 domains are integrated
impairment in reciprocal social comm
and lack of communicative compentence
3 core areas of development central to ASD
repetivie activties and restricted interests
1) define
2) signs
3) other terms to describe
1) strong pref for familiarity, routines, insistence
2) repetitive motor behaviros (hand flap or jump)
repetitive play with objects (lining up toys)
- “driven” desire for routines or preoccupation with one interest without “big picture”
3) getting stuck/perseverating
resources to hep parents with ASD children
1) develop resources and child care
2) support/ invest in marriage
3) spend 1:1 time with each child
4) do something you love as often
5) mobile comm
6) exercise and encourage child to exercise
7) boundaries on structured/unstructued time
8) teach independent play
9) don’t feel guilty video watching
neurodevelopmental disorder means
affects multiple aspects of human functioning (social, emotional, cog, attention, percept)
significantly impacts person’s ability to function/adapt to environment
examples of neurodevelopmental disorders
1) ADD
2) ASD
3) fetal alcohol
4) fragile X
5) down
6) Retts
7) schizo
What does it mean when repetitive behaviors and restricted interests
1) limited openness to novel ideas/activities
2) ability to adapt to unexpected conditions
3) ability to shift attention
4) ability to modify behaviors based on changes in context
assoc conditions in ASD
1) anxiety/depression
2) attention problems
3) language disabilities
4) motor planning difficulties
5) impulsivity
6) sleep/GI problems
7) picky eating
8) seizure disorder
risk of having a second child is ___
greater than expected (~18-22%)
children at risk for autism
1) siblings
2) children with known genetic conditions (fragile X)
3) childrenw ith known medical conditions (tuberous scleorsis)
social and communication symptoms in first 12 months
*rarely or inconsistently happen
1) dysynchrony with caregiver
2) lack of social smile
3) delayed response to name and poor social orienting
4) fewer vocalization
5) poor vocal imitation
Red flags for Autism in children under 3
1) Lack of appropriate gaze
2) Lack of warm, joyful expressions with directed gaze
3) Lack of sharing interest or enjoyment
4) Lack of response to name when called
5) Lack of coordination of gaze, facial expression, gestures and sounds
symptoms of autism in school aged youth
1) poor social reciprocity
2) impaired social-emotional understanding
3) diff modulating and integrating nonverbals
4) if verbal, language disordered
5) restricted/repetitive play
6) insistence on sameness
1) Lack of appropriate gaze
2) Lack of warm, joyful expressions with directed gaze
3) Lack of sharing interest or enjoyment
4) Lack of response to name when called
5) Lack of coordination of gaze, facial expression, gestures and sounds
symptoms of autism before age 3
1) poor social reciprocity
2) impaired social-emotional understanding
3) diff modulating and integrating nonverbals
4) if verbal, language disordered
5) restricted/repetitive play
6) insistence on sameness
symptoms of autism in school aged youth
Symptoms for older children and adult
1) Limited reciprocity (but usually improved from younger days)
2) impaired gestures
3) Unusual prosody
4) Failure to understand nonverbal behaviors of others
5) Difficulty understanding motivations of other people (can be vulnerable/naïve)
6) For some, there is much improvement in symptom severity
7) For others, there is more functional impairment around puberty
8) Mood and anxiety become increasingly relevant in day-to-day interactions
1) Limited reciprocity (but usually improved from younger days)
2) impaired gestures
3) Unusual prosody
4) Failure to understand nonverbal behaviors of others
5) Difficulty understanding motivations of other people (can be vulnerable/naïve)
6) For some, there is much improvement in symptom severity
7) For others, there is more functional impairment around puberty
8) Mood and anxiety become increasingly relevant in day-to-day interactions
Symptoms for older children and adult
Where to refer families?
1) child find = part C for
