10- ANS neuropharmacology

Question 1

sympathetic NS

preganglionic neurons –> ___ outflow

Answer 1

thoracolumbar

Question 2

sympathetic NS

preganglionic neurons release __ which stim ___ receptors on the cellbody of postganglionic neuron or on the ____

Answer 2

ACh
neuronal nAChR
adrenal medulla

Question 3

sympathetic NS

End organ transmission: postganglionic neurons release ___ which stim __ and ___ receptors (what type?

Answer 3

NE
alpha and beta adrenergic
metabotropic

Question 4

symapthetic NS

Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic is ?

Answer 4

1 to&raquo_space;»1 (more diffuse)

Question 5

Parasympathetic NS

preganglionic neurons –> ___ outflow

Answer 5

craniosacral outflow

Question 6

parasymp NS

preganglionic neurons release __ which stim ___ receptors on the cellbody of postganglionic neuron

Answer 6

ACh

neuronal type nAChR

Question 7

parasymp NS

End organ transmission: postganglionic neurons release ___ which stim ___ receptors (what type?

Answer 7

ACh
mAChR
metabotropic

Question 8

parasymp NS

Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic is ?

Answer 8

1:1

Question 9

Central control of ANS

afferent information is process and integrated and efferent responses are initiated
structures involved?

Answer 9

spinal cord = reflex change in BP, sweat, micturition

Brain stem (medulla oblongata): BP and respiration

hypothalamus = integration; control temp, water balance, carb metab, sex, autonomic emotional responses

cerebral cortex = volitional changes and conditioned autonomic responses

Question 10

Describe homeostasis, flight-or-fight, and rest-and-digest with regard to sympathetic and
parasympathetic activity.

Answer 10

Homestasis = balance btwn symp and parasymp activity for survival

fight or flight = symp activity

rest and digest = parasymp

Question 11

parasympathetic NS

preganglionic neurotransmission: ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor

postganglionic ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor

Answer 11

ACh
neuronal nAChR

ACh
mAChR

Question 12

sympathetic NS

preganglionic neurotransmission: ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor

postganglionic ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor

Answer 12

ACh
neuronal type nAChR on cellbody of postganglionic neuron or adrenal medulla

NE
alpha and beta adrenergic receptor

Question 13

Discuss the concept of “tone” and explain the consequences of the fact that parasympathetic tone predominates at most organs and tissues.

Answer 13

parasymp NS is responsible for basal resting state of smooth muscle, cardiac, glands (rest and digest)

symp NS is responsible for response to emergent systems (fight or flight)

At rest, PNS predominates to not waste energy
but organs dually innerv so evoked when necessary

exception

Question 14

exception to organs receiving dual innerv by PNS and symp NS

Answer 14

blood vessels, sweat glands, spleens, and cells that promote metabolism which only receive SNS innerv

Question 15

parasymp NS effect on

heart

Answer 15

decr HR, decr contractility, decr AV conduction

Question 16

parasymp NS effect on

vessels

Answer 16

Receive sympathetic innervation only
They only possess non-innervated muscarinic cholinergic receptors on resistance vessels (activated by muscarinic agonists but NOT by activation of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 17

parasymp NS effect on

lungs

Answer 17

MRs = bronchoconstriction

Question 18

parasymp NS effect on

eyes

Answer 18

MRs = constriction (miosis), incr aqueous humor outflow

Question 19

parasymp NS effect on

GI

Answer 19

MRs = incr motility, incr secretions

Question 20

parasymp NS effect on

GU

Answer 20

MRs = incr contract blader smooth muscle, open sphincter

Question 21

symp NS effect on

heart

Answer 21

beta1 = incr HR, incr contractility, incr conduction

Question 22

symp NS effect on

vessels

Answer 22

alpha1 = vasoconstriction, incr BP

beta 2 = dilate –> incr perfusion

Question 23

symp NS effect on

lungs

Answer 23

beta2 = bronchodilation

Question 24

symp NS effect on

eye

Answer 24

alpha1 = dilate (mydriasis)
beta = incr aqueous humor production

Question 25

symp NS effect on

GU

Answer 25

alpha 1 = close sphincters

beta 2 = relax uterine smooth muscle