10- ANS neuropharmacology Flashcards
sympathetic NS
preganglionic neurons –> ___ outflow
thoracolumbar
sympathetic NS
preganglionic neurons release __ which stim ___ receptors on the cellbody of postganglionic neuron or on the ____
ACh
neuronal nAChR
adrenal medulla
sympathetic NS
End organ transmission: postganglionic neurons release ___ which stim __ and ___ receptors (what type?
NE
alpha and beta adrenergic
metabotropic
symapthetic NS
Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic is ?
1 to»_space;»1 (more diffuse)
Parasympathetic NS
preganglionic neurons –> ___ outflow
craniosacral outflow
parasymp NS
preganglionic neurons release __ which stim ___ receptors on the cellbody of postganglionic neuron
ACh
neuronal type nAChR
parasymp NS
End organ transmission: postganglionic neurons release ___ which stim ___ receptors (what type?
ACh
mAChR
metabotropic
parasymp NS
Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic is ?
1:1
Central control of ANS
afferent information is process and integrated and efferent responses are initiated
structures involved?
spinal cord = reflex change in BP, sweat, micturition
Brain stem (medulla oblongata): BP and respiration
hypothalamus = integration; control temp, water balance, carb metab, sex, autonomic emotional responses
cerebral cortex = volitional changes and conditioned autonomic responses
Describe homeostasis, flight-or-fight, and rest-and-digest with regard to sympathetic and
parasympathetic activity.
Homestasis = balance btwn symp and parasymp activity for survival
fight or flight = symp activity
rest and digest = parasymp
parasympathetic NS
preganglionic neurotransmission: ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor
postganglionic ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor
ACh
neuronal nAChR
ACh
mAChR
sympathetic NS
preganglionic neurotransmission: ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor
postganglionic ___ is main NT and acts at ___ receptor
ACh
neuronal type nAChR on cellbody of postganglionic neuron or adrenal medulla
NE
alpha and beta adrenergic receptor
Discuss the concept of “tone” and explain the consequences of the fact that parasympathetic tone predominates at most organs and tissues.
parasymp NS is responsible for basal resting state of smooth muscle, cardiac, glands (rest and digest)
symp NS is responsible for response to emergent systems (fight or flight)
At rest, PNS predominates to not waste energy
but organs dually innerv so evoked when necessary
exception
exception to organs receiving dual innerv by PNS and symp NS
blood vessels, sweat glands, spleens, and cells that promote metabolism which only receive SNS innerv
parasymp NS effect on
heart
decr HR, decr contractility, decr AV conduction
parasymp NS effect on
vessels
Receive sympathetic innervation only
They only possess non-innervated muscarinic cholinergic receptors on resistance vessels (activated by muscarinic agonists but NOT by activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
parasymp NS effect on
lungs
MRs = bronchoconstriction
parasymp NS effect on
eyes
MRs = constriction (miosis), incr aqueous humor outflow
parasymp NS effect on
GI
MRs = incr motility, incr secretions
parasymp NS effect on
GU
MRs = incr contract blader smooth muscle, open sphincter
symp NS effect on
heart
beta1 = incr HR, incr contractility, incr conduction
symp NS effect on
vessels
alpha1 = vasoconstriction, incr BP
beta 2 = dilate –> incr perfusion
symp NS effect on
lungs
beta2 = bronchodilation
symp NS effect on
eye
alpha1 = dilate (mydriasis) beta = incr aqueous humor production
symp NS effect on
GU
alpha 1 = close sphincters
beta 2 = relax uterine smooth muscle
