Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro_Week1 > Anterior Horn and Periph Nerve Disorders > Flashcards

Anterior Horn and Periph Nerve Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

UMN injury produces what symptoms

A

1) spasticity
2) hyeprreflexia
3) Babinski
4) emotional lability (inappropriate laughing/crying)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LMN injury produces what symptoms

A

1) muscle atrophy
2) fasciculations
3) decr tone
4) decr or absent reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

all motor neuron, NMJ and muscle diseases have no ___

A

sensory changes accompanying the weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory changes imply ___ disorders

A

nerve root
plexus
or peripheral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ex of rapdily developing weakness

A

NMJ disorders like
MG
botulism
organophosphate poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

disease caused by acute remissions and relapses

A

myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

proximal weakness most characteristic of

A

muscle disorders

difficulty climb stairs
get up from low chairs
raise arms over head 
broad gait
lordotic posture, wide gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

distal weakness of hands and feet + distal sensory loss most characteristic of

A

neuropathies

with slapping, footdrop gait
difficulty with fine hand movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cranial weakness involving extraocular, facial, oropharyngeal muscles seen in

+ ptosis, double vision, dysphagia

A

Myasthenia graivs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

disuse of a limb such as bedridden or fracture produces ___

A

atrophy but retained strength

old people can still be strong even with muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myaglia and tenderness with muscle inflamm seen in

A

polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myotonia involves

A

stiffness due to delayed relaxation of muscle after voluntary contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscle cramps due to

A

involuntary contraction of muscle and benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diseases assoc with skeletal muscle deformitis such as socoliosis, club foot, contratures (loss of ROM)

A

neuromuscular disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rhabdomyolysis and myoglobulia seen when?

A

inability to generate ATP d/t glycogen or lipid metabolic defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

best lab value for muscle necrosis

highest in what dz
mod in what dz

A

incr serum creatine kinase

highest with myoglobinuria

moderate with muscular dystrophies and inflamm myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nerve condition studies used to differentiate btwn

A

1) primary demyelinating (very slow)

2) axonal neuropathies (fast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

needle EMG perfoermed when___

A

complement to NCS for differentiating myopathic from neuropathic disorders

neuropathic disorders (anterior horn cell and peripheral nerve) = loss of whole motor units

myopathic disorders = drop out of fibers within motor unit

19
Q

repetitive stim of nerve in MG produces

A

decr in amplitude of compound muscle AP

20
Q

ALS due to ?

majority are sporadic or genetic?

A

degeneration of brainstem and spinal cord LMN
+ spasticity, hyperreflexia from UMN injury

2) sporadic

21
Q

symptoms of ALS

A

1) asymmetric limb weakness + fasciculations
2) footdrop
3) contracture from inteorsseous wasting
4) UMN signs
5) sensory normal
6) slurred speech
7) spared facial muscles
8) diaphragm weakness

22
Q

Treatment of ALS

A

1) Rilouzole

2) braces for mobility

23
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth

2 catgories

A

1) demyelinating neuropathy = CMT 1

2) axonal degeneration = CMT2

24
Q

Difference btwn CMT1 and CMT2

A

1) slow NCV

2) normal NCV

25
Q

inheritance of CMT1 and CMT2

CMT4

A

autosomal dominant

recessive

26
Q

CMT1A due to what molecularly?

A

duplication of PMP22

27
Q

deletion of PMP22 causes what?

A

HNPP

28
Q

3 phenotypes of CMT

A

1) most common = onset walking normal but distal weakness/sensory loss in 20’s
2) impaired as infants with delayed walking
3) adult onset at 40 y/o

29
Q

Diabetic neuropathies
what kind of neuropathies

patients with asymptomatic diabetes may show ___ NCVs that normalize with ___

A

most common neuropthy
can be poly, mono, plexo, radiculo

may show decr NCVs normalized with improved blood sugar control

30
Q

most common subtype of diabetic neuropathy

A

distal sensory or sensorimotor polyneuroapthy
- numbness + burning dysesthesias in feet –> spread up legs and into hands

  • slapping foot drop gait
  • decr grip str, decr fine dexterity
31
Q

examination of paitent with diabetic neuroapthy

A

pin sensation loss in stocking globe distrib but asymm

loss of position, vibr, light touch, decr reflex in ‘LARGE FIBER’

pain and temp loss + pain in ‘SMALL FIBER’

32
Q

autonomic symptoms of neuroapthy

A

1) postural hypotension
2) diarrhea
3) impotence
4) urinary retention
5) incr sweating

33
Q

lumbosacral plexopathy is characterized by

onset when?

A

1) acute onset asymm prox weakness and leg pain

occurs at onset of diabetes and assoc with weight loss

34
Q

mononeuropathies can affect what?

A

carpal tunnel
ulnar peroneal
+ CN (3rd and 6th nerve palsies

35
Q

pathogenesis of diabetic neuroapathies

A

1) metabolic derangements and change in endoneural vessels + ischemia
2) occlusion of small nutrient blood vessels supplying nerves

36
Q

tx for autonomic symptoms of diabetic neuropathy

A

1) codeine + diphenoxylate for diarrhea
2) stockings
3) fluorocortisone or midodrine for postural hypotenison
4) voiding assisted by pressure for bladder atony

37
Q

tx for cramps/spasticity in ALS

A

hydration

benzodiazepans

phenytoin

quinine

lioresal

dantrolene

gabapentin

helps jaw quiver/clench; incr weakness; decr FVC

38
Q

tx for pseudobulbar affect in ALS

A

TCA and SSRI

dextromethorphan + quinidine

39
Q

tx for drooling, thick phlegm, and laryngospasms

A

decr saliva

metoprolol and propranolol for thick saliva

decongestants

40
Q

tx for sleep distrubance in ALS

A

multiple causes

avoid short acting sedatives

test for desaturation = nocturnal NIPPV

41
Q

sx of sensory or sensorimotor distal polyneuropathy

A

stocking/glove numbness and burning pain

foot drop and weak hand muscles

42
Q

sx of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic neuropathy

A

1) hypotension
2) diarrhea
3) impotence
4) urinary retention

43
Q

sx of mononeuropathy in diabetic neuropathy

A 
CN 3, 6, 7 
or peripheral (median, ulnar, peroneal)
44
Q

sx of lumbosacral plexopathy

A

pelvic girdle pain

asymm hip flexor weakness

Neuro_Week1 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions